Chemistry paper 1 summary

Atoms, Elements and Compounds

  All substances are made of atoms An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist An element is a substance that only contains one sort of atom There are about 100 different elements Most substances are compounds A compound contains two or more elements, which are chemically combined in fixed proportions

C Atom E (binary/octet-stream)

Caption: : what an atom looks like

Seperating Mixtures

Mixtures consist of two or more elements or compounds, which are not chemically  combined The components of a mixture retain their own properties Mixtures can be separated by physical processes- these processes do not involve chemical reactions Filtration is used to separate soluble solids from insoluble solids Crystallisation is used to obtain a soluble solid from a solution Simple distillation is used to obtain a solvent from a solution

Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures in which the components have different boiling points Chromatography is used to separate the different soluble, coloured components of a mixture

Required Practical-Analysis and purification of water samples from different sources

Sample Method use a pH probe or suitable indicator to analyse the pH of the sample set up the equipment as shown heat up a set volume to 100 (degrees celcius) so that the water changes from liquid to gas the water collects in the condenser and changes state from gas to liquid, collect this pure water in a beaker when all the water from the sample has evaporated, measure the mass of solid that remains to find the amount of dissolved solids present in the sample Hazards and Risks there is a risk of the experimenter burning themselves on hot equipment, so care must be taken during and after the heating process

Image (binary/octet-stream)

Caption: : This is how the equipment should look.

Key Words

Atom- the smallest quantity of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction, consisting of a positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons Element- a substance made of only one type of atom Compound- a substance containing atoms of two or more elements, which are chemically combined, in fixed proportions Equation- a scientific statement that uses chemical names or symbols to sum up what happens in a chemical reaction Reactants- the substances that react together in a chemical reaction Products- the substances produced in a chemical reaction  

Mixture- a combination of two or more elements or compounds, which are not chemically combined together Filtration- separation techniques used to separate insoluble solids from soluble solids Crystallisation- technique used to obtain a soluble solid from a solution Simple Distillation- technique used to separate a substance from a mixture due to a difference in the boiling points of the components in the mixture Fractional Distillation- a separation technique used to separate mixtures which contain components with similar boiling points Chromatography- a separation technique used to separate the coloured components of mixtures

Resource Centre

• Bonding
• Quiz 1-Chemistry AQA
• Conservation of Mass

• States Of Matter
• GCSE Combined Science
• Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table