18542
| Question | Answer |
| Acid | An acid is a proton donor. |
| Base | A base is a H+ acceptor. |
| Alkali | An alkali is a soluble base. An alkali is a type of base that dissolves in water forming OH- ions. |
| Salt | A salt is any compound formed from an acis when H+ ions from the acid have been replaced by metal ions or by another positive ion. |
| Hydrated Crystals | Refers to the crystalline compound containing water molecules. |
| Anhydrous Crystals | Substance that contains no water molecules. |
| Water of Crystallisation | Water molecules within a crystalline structure. |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons |
| Reduction | Gain of electrons |
| Oxidation Numbers | A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element. |
| Redox Reaction | Where both oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction. |
| Reducing Agent | A reagent that reduces another species. |
| Oxidising Agent | A reagent that will oxidise another agent. |
| Mass Number | The number of particles (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. |
| Relative Atomic Mass | The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12. |
| Relative Isotopic Mass | The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element compared to 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12. |
| First Ionisation Energy | The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions. |
| Second Ionisation Energy | The energy required to remove one electron from one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions. |
| Ionic Bonding | Electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. |
| Covalent Bond | A shared pair of electrons. |
| Co-ordinate Bond (Dative covalent bone) | Covalent bond where both shared electrons are donated by 1 atom. |
| Metallic Bonding | Electrostatic attraction between a positive ion and a delocalised electron. |
| Electronegativity | The measure of the attraction a bonded atom has for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A strong dipole-dipole attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom and an electron defficent hydrogen on another molecule. |
| Thermal Decomposition | The splitting up of a compound using heat. |
| Displacement (Reaction) | Where a more reactive halogen replaces a less reactive halide. |
| Intermolecular Forces | Attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring molecule. |
| Disproportionation | When a single element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced. |
| Periodicity | Trends and patterns of chemical and physical properties of elements. |
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