Physiology III: Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmission in the CNS

There is a higher concentration of [blank_start]Sodium[blank_end] on the outside of the cell and [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] inside the cell

The is a significantly [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentration of Calcium extracellularly.

Na flows inwards, causing [blank_start]depolarisation[blank_end] which is [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end] Ca flows inwards, causing [blank_start]depolarisation[blank_end] which is [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end] Cl flows inwards, causing [blank_start]hyperpolarisation[blank_end] which is [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] K flows outwards, causing [blank_start]hyperpolarisation[blank_end] which is [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end]

Based on the previous question, will a drug that acts as a Na channel antagonist be excitatory or inhibitory? [blank_start]Inhibitory[blank_end]

Based on the previous question, will a drug that acts as a Potassium channel antagonist be excitatory or inhibitory? [blank_start]Excitatory[blank_end]

Events at the Synapse are mostly mediated by means of ..

There are two types of receptors upon which neurotransmitters can act. [blank_start]Ionotropic Receptor[blank_end]: Direct gating, whereby the receptor is an integral part of the channel it controls [blank_start]Metabotropic Receptor[blank_end]: Indirect gating, whereby the receptor and the channel it controls are distinct from one another.

Label the receptor types shown in the diagram below.

The major excitatory neurotransmitter is ...

However, Glutamate can sometimes also elicit inhibitory effects via [blank_start]metabotropic[blank_end] glutamate receptors

Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors: NMDA receptors mediate [blank_start]slow[blank_end] excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS Non-NMDA receptors mediate [blank_start]fast[blank_end] excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter is ...

As GABA is an inhibitory Neurotransmitter, it tends to mediate which of the following ions. [blank_start]Potassium & Chlorine[blank_end]

Ionotropic GABA receptors tend to mediate [blank_start]Chlorine channels[blank_end] Metabotropic GABA receptors tend to mediate [blank_start]Potassium channels[blank_end]

[blank_start]Ionotropic[blank_end] Receptors are faster and act simply as 'on-off' switches for channels

[blank_start]Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (EPSP[blank_end]): Depolarising change in resting membrane potential caused by actions of neurotransmitters. [blank_start]Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP[blank_end]): Hyperpolarising change change in resting potential caused by actions of neurotransmitters.

A change in resting membrane potential caused by EPSP or IPSP that is not of sufficient magnitude to cross the threshold for an action potential is called ...

Which neurotransmitter are excitatory neurons most likely to release? [blank_start]Glutamate[blank_end]

Neurotransmitters are released in discrete packages called [blank_start]quanta[blank_end]

Label the diagram below relating to cells of the cerebellum.