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2538138
Public Health 1800-1914
Description
A mind-map covering everything to do with Public Health from 1800-1914. If anything has been forgotten, feel free to mention it to me - it would be much appreciated!
No tags specified
public health
1800-1914
public health in britain
gcse history
medicine through time
medicine
history
19th century medicine
20th century medicine
19th century
20th century
1800's
1914
Mind Map by
zaza-zoo
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
zaza-zoo
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Public Health 1800-1914
Why was it an issue?
Over-population
Low income
Poverty
Lived without proper sanitation
'Privies'
Holes in the ground
Badly constructed
Waste often leaked underground
Water often gathered from areas near privies
Cross infection between human waste and drinking water
Cholera
Impossible to stop
Spread rapidly
'King Cholera'
Typhoid
Ate, cooked and slept in filth
Factory Towns
More crowding
Vast slums of bad quality houses were built
Cramped and dirty conditions
Meant that disease could spread rapidly amongst many people at once
Caused conditions to worsen
Why was nothing done?
Laissez-faire
'Let it be'
Politicians believed in not interfering
People should help themselves
When government tried to act their was often opposition
By those worried about the cost of improving Britain's health
Cholera outbreaks
1831
1848
1853
1866
Killed thousands
Forced something to be done about public health
Reform Act
1867
All men could vote
1868
Divided opinion in Liberal Party
William Gladstone (traditional Liberal) - opposing and siding with the Consecutive government
Bad understanding
Florence Nightingale - Edwin Chadwick
Believed problems were caused by 'miasmas'
Bad smells in the air
What changed people's minds?
Edwin Chadwick
Report of the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britian
1842
Proved living conditions among the poor were the cause of disease
Challenged the idea of it being too expensive to do anything
Highlighted the amount of money lost due to early deaths
Public Health Act
1848
Set up organisations to deal with public health
Little money
No power
John Snow
1854
Diagnosed that disease centred on a public water pump
Proved poor sanitation was the cause of disease
Defeated outbreak by disabling the pump
Replace the pump handle a year later
1858
The Great Stink
Forced government into decisive action
Very hot summer cause muck and waste to stink
What action was taken?
Various laws
Artisans and Labourers Dwellings Improvements Act
Enabled local councils to purchase areas of slums to destroy and rebuild them in more sanitary conditions
1875
Joseph Chamberlain
Improved living conditions for his urban poor
Birmingham mayor
Cadbury and Lever family
Designed entire villages so their workers had somewhere healthy to live
Very popular
'Model Villages'
Employers took a percentage of wages to supply schooling, medical care, and good housing
Employers gained healthier, happier, and more loyal workforce
Rivers Pollution Prevention Act
1876
To limit the amount of sewage pouring into rivers
The Thames
People's primary source of drinking water
Food and Drugs Act
1875
Made it a criminal offence to adulterate food o drink
The Great Stink
Joseph Bazalgette
Rebuilt London's sewers
Kept London well plumbed until the present day
Parliament
Strengthed 1848 Public Health Act
1875
Forced local authorities to have frequent medical and sanitary inspections
Made it illegal to build shoddy housing and slums
Was the problem solved?
No
Charles Booth
Sanitation improved, living standards still very low
Life and Labour of The People In London
1889
Poverty that was impossible to get out of
Seebohm Rowntree
Confirmed this in Poverty: A Study In Town Life
Also proved poverty affected most British towns
Almost a third of families in Yorkwere unable to buy basic foodstuffs
Left children in squalor, malnourished and chronically underfed
Both were convinced poverty was the cause of Britain's low life expectancy and poor public health
The poor of Victorian Britain lived in fear of being forced into the workhouse
Workhouses
Originated in 1600's
Built to give the very poor accommodation and employment
Conditions
Incredibly harsh
Very long work days
Terrible jobs
Bad food
Inhabitants lived segregated from their families
1860's
More built
Became an almost inescapable part of growing old when poor
Challenged views of Britain's dominant liberal politicians
Lead to 'New Lberalism'
Boer War
Scared politicians
Men applying for army were physically unfit
Chronic malnutrition or disease
1899
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