11953744
Description
Mind Map by Plymouth Med, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Plymouth Med
over 6 years ago
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|
Wound Healing :)
- 1. Vasospasm
- Reflex induced by the pain receptors
- Slows blood flow BUT arterial pressure maintained
- 2. Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilators inhibited
- Nitrous Oxide
- Prostacyclin
- Nitrous Oxide
- Increase in Endothelin
- Vasoconstrictor
- helps prevent blood loss
- Need more stabilization
- 3. Platelet Plug
- Requires platelets
- Myeloid Stem Cells
- Megakaryocytes
- 1000x Thrombocytes
- Produced in Red Bone Marrow
- Stimulated by thrombopoietin
- Liver and Kidneys produce thrombopoietin
- Liver and Kidneys produce thrombopoietin
- Stimulated by thrombopoietin
- Have no nuclei
- Lightest and smallest in the blood
- are granulocytes
- Produced in Red Bone Marrow
- 1000x Thrombocytes
- Megakaryocytes
- Myeloid Stem Cells
- temporary blood clot via 3 steps
- 1a. Adhesion
- Integrins bind to Collagen
- Integrins: on
platelet
surface
- Epithelium breaks
- Tunica Intima becomes exposed
- Collagen becomes exposed
- Von Willebrand Factor leaks in
- Von Willebrand Factor =
glue of the platelet plug
- vWF from blood/plasma
- Binds to collagen and microfibrils
- Binds to glycoprotein 1-B
- on platelets surface
- hence vWF captures platelets
- 1b) Platelet activation
- GP1-B conformational change
- Degranulation
- Alpha Granule
- Dense Granule
- Release
- ADP
- Increased Platelet Aggregation
- Increased Platelet Aggregation
- Calcium
Ions
- Serotonin
- Increased Vascular Spasm
- Increased Vascular Spasm
- Thromboxane
(TXA2)
- Platelet Derived Growth Factor
(PDGF)
- 1c) Causes Platelet Aggregation
- Activated platelets latch onto other
platelets and bring them together
- Further activation of platelets
- Temporary Clot formed
- Clot needs further
stabilization
- 4. Coagulation Cascade
- 12
- 12a
- 11
- 11a
- 9
- 9a
- 10
- 10a
- Prothrombin
- Thrombin (2)
- Fibrinogen
- Loose
Fibrin
- Tight
Fibrin
- CLOT
- 5. Clot Stabilization
- Clot Contraction
- Clot Retraction
- Leads to serum being squeezed out of the clot
- Platelet Derived Growth Factor causes fibroblasts to form temporary connective
tissue patch
- Smooth muscle cells restore musculature
- VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Endothelial lining restored
- Endothelial lining restored
- Smooth muscle cells restore musculature
- Need to remove Clot
- 6. Anticoagulation Systems
- Heparin
- Produced by Mast cells in
peripheral connective tissues
- on endothelial cells
- on basophils
- Enhances Antithrombin III
- Binds to thrombin
- Inactivates Thrombin
- Prevents further formation of fibrin
- Prevents further formation of fibrin
- Inactivates Thrombin
- Binds to thrombin
- Produced by Mast cells in
peripheral connective tissues
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Thrombin activates
- Factor 12 activates
- Plasminogen
- Plasmin
- main fibrinolytic enzyme
- directly degrades thrombus (clot)
- directly degrades thrombus (clot)
- Removes deoxygenated blood within clot
- 7. Bruising
- • Due to deoxygenated blood
clot within skin/tissue
- 7a. Breakdown of Hemoglobin
- Red-Blue color
- 7b. Biliverdin
- Green color
- 7c. Bilirubin
- Yellow
- 7d. Hemosiderin
- Brown/Golden
- 8. Immune Response
- Mast cell degranulation
- Release Histamine
- Vasodilation
- White blood cells arrive, etc. etc.
- Platelets affect neutrophils:
bring over to site of interest
- Macrophages cause
fibroblast
proliferation/maturation
- Fibroblasts lay down collagen
- Lay down new tissue
- Tissue Repair
- 9. Proliferation Phase
- Form granulation tissue
- Pink Tissue
- Highly resistant to infection
- Organizational Stage
- Very basic capillaries
- 10. Angiogenesis
- need blood to heal
- New vessels
branch off of
pre-existing
capillaries
- 11. Epithelialization
- Macrophage stimulation of fibroblasts
- Release of FGF7 (fibroblast growth factor 7)
- Stimulates keratinocyte proliferation
- Keratinocyte migration upwards to build back tissue
- 12. Tissue Maturation
- 12a. Provisional Matrix
- moves a lot
- Original Collagen III
- Fibrin
- Plasmafibrinectin
- 12b. remodels into Matrix
- sturdier
- Collagen I
- tougher skin
- 13. Scarring may occur
- SCAR
- usually via Deep Injury
- usually lies underneath
skin
- severe--> "tight white line"
appearance
- HOW: myofibroblasts lining edge of the wound
contract
- THE END!!!
- THE END!!!
- HOW: myofibroblasts lining edge of the wound
contract
- usually via Deep Injury
- SCAR
- 13. Scarring may occur
- sturdier
- moves a lot
- 12a. Provisional Matrix
- 12. Tissue Maturation
- Keratinocyte migration upwards to build back tissue
- Stimulates keratinocyte proliferation
- Release of FGF7 (fibroblast growth factor 7)
- Macrophage stimulation of fibroblasts
- 11. Epithelialization
- New vessels
branch off of
pre-existing
capillaries
- VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) promotes
- Endostatin (anti-VEG) inhibits
- need blood to heal
- 10. Angiogenesis
- Very basic capillaries
- Organizational Stage
- Highly resistant to infection
- Pink Tissue
- Form granulation tissue
- 9. Proliferation Phase
- Tissue Repair
- Lay down new tissue
- Fibroblasts lay down collagen
- Macrophages release 1L-6
- Proinflammation
- Proinflammation
- Platelets affect neutrophils:
bring over to site of interest
- White blood cells arrive, etc. etc.
- Vasodilation
- Release Bradykinin
- Increased vascular permeability
- Increased vascular permeability
- Release Histamine
- Mast cell degranulation
- 8. Immune Response
- Brown/Golden
- 7d. Hemosiderin
- Yellow
- 7c. Bilirubin
- Green color
- 7b. Biliverdin
- Red-Blue color
- • Due to deoxygenated blood
clot within skin/tissue
- Phagocytic cells also remove
- 7. Bruising
- main fibrinolytic enzyme
- Plasmin
- Thrombin activates
- Thrombomodulin
- binds to thrombin
- Converts thrombin so that it doesn’t
make fibrin anymore
- Converts thrombin so that it doesn’t
make fibrin anymore
- binds to thrombin
- Fibrin
- Down regulates thrombin's
positive feedback loop
- Down regulates thrombin's
positive feedback loop
- Protein C
- cleaves factor 5
- cleaves factor 5
- Protein S
- cleaves factor 8
- cleaves factor 8
- Heparin
- 6. Anticoagulation Systems
- Leads to serum being squeezed out of the clot
- Clot Retraction
- Clot Contraction
- 5. Clot Stabilization
- CLOT
- Tight
Fibrin
- Loose
Fibrin
- Factor 13
- Cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin
- Fibrinogen
- Thrombin (2)
- 5
- Calcium
- Platelet Factor 3
(PF3)
- Platelet Factor 3
(PF3)
- Calcium
- Prothrombin
- 3
- Tissue Thromboplastin
- released when tissue damaged
- released when tissue damaged
- Tissue Thromboplastin
- 7
- Calcium
- Calcium
- Limiting Factor
- 10a
- 8
- Calcium
- Platelet Factor 3
(PF3)
- Platelet Factor 3
(PF3)
- Calcium
- 10
- 9a
- 4
- Calcium
- Calcium
- 9
- 11a
- 11
- 12a
- "Hemostasis"
- Minerals and Calcium needed to make factors
- factors are in blood
- Liver makes most factors
- Liver makes most factors
- factors are in blood
- 12
- 4. Coagulation Cascade
- Clot needs further
stabilization
- Temporary Clot formed
- Further activation of platelets
- Aggregation also attracts
white blood cells to the site
- Activated platelets latch onto other
platelets and bring them together
- 1c) Causes Platelet Aggregation
- ADP
- Alpha Granule
- Degranulation
- GP1-B conformational change
- 1b) Platelet activation
- hence vWF captures platelets
- on platelets surface
- Binds to glycoprotein 1-B
- vWF from blood/plasma
- Von Willebrand Factor =
glue of the platelet plug
- Collagen becomes exposed
- Tunica Intima becomes exposed
- Integrins: on
platelet
surface
- Integrins bind to Collagen
- 1a. Adhesion
- Requires platelets
- 3. Platelet Plug
- Need more stabilization
- helps prevent blood loss
- Vasoconstrictor
- Vasodilators inhibited
- 2. Vasoconstriction
- Reflex induced by the pain receptors
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