39856155
Description
Flashcards by Darcey Griffiths, updated 9 days ago
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Created by Darcey Griffiths
9 days ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Voting rights | 1933-1941 approximately 3% of black American voters in the South were registered to vote. Those registered risked being a target for violence. Low registration= due to the literacy test/ poll tax. Roosevelt criticised this, but did nothing. Unable to vote to change their plight, black Americans relied on Congress to sort out the inequality, but Congress was not sympathetic. Eleanor Roosevelt did pledge her support in 1940- supported the National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax, in the same year she promoted National Sharecroppers week. Eleanor did try to persuade her husband to support these issues. |
| Jim Crow | The President kept a low profile on the issue, his wife Eleanor Roosevelt frequently voiced her disapproval. In 1938 she attended the Southern Conference of Human Welfare in Alabama, a meeting that demanded equality before the law. She sat next to black delegates. Roosevelt was the first President since the 1870s to denounce lynching and brand the act as murder- but did not fully support anti-lynching bills. There were attempts to bring in anti-lynching bills in, in 1934, 1935 and 1937-8. This was even after the horrendous case of Claude Neil in Florida in 1934; lynched and tortured by white mobs. Some of his fingers and toes were removed, he was stabbed in the stomach and forced to eat his severed penis. |
| President Roosevelts explanation to the NAACP leader Walter White as to why he could not support the 1934 anti-lynching bill in Congress. - quotes | 'The Southerners by reason of the seniority rule in Congress are chairmen or occupy strategic places on the Senate and House committees. If I come out for the anti-lynching bill now, they will block every bill I ask Congress to pass to keep America from collapsing.' |
| FAIR EMPLOYMENT POWERS COMMISION | The President made use of his executive powers in 1941. Focus on military production meant black labour demanded more rights - supported by the NAACP. Not wanting to hamper the war effort, Roosevelt created FEPC-organisation dedicated to promoting equality in the defence industry, |
| FEPC- statistics/ limitations | 2 million black Americans were employed in this area in the war. 8,000 discrimination cases were referred, 2/3 were dismissed and only 1/5 resulted in victories in the south. Southern Democrats managed to reduce funding of FEPC in 1943, but the fight for rights in this area had become a national issue. It had also prompted involvement from the government. Black Americans had the attention of the President, it showed that once directed this |
| ROOSEVELT’S CABINET | Made up from several progressive politicians. Harold Ickes was Secretary of the Interior, whilst also being a President of the Chicago branch of the NAACP. Harry Hopkins was sympathetic to the black plight and supervised New Deal programmes. There were 5o black Americans with relatively senior positions within government departments and agencies. They were nicknamed the ‘Black Cabinet’ as they met regularly to discuss the New Deal. |
| the number of wards that Roosevelt won out of the 15 black wards in 9 major cities. | 1932- 4 out of 15 1936-9 out of 15 1940-15 out of 15 |
| h | h |
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