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Description
Flashcards by Adriana Vincelli-Joma, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Adriana Vincelli-Joma
almost 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Humanism | - major intellectual movement of Renaissance - rediscovery of great ancient thinkers - translated classical scientific sources from original Greek - methodology treated written sources in more skeptical manner - introduced a new purpose for scientific discourse |
| Johannes Gutenberg (1397 - 1468) | - 1448: introduced movable-type printing - devised individual type pieces for each letter, lock them together in a sheet, and print multiple sheets - 1450: sought financial backing from Johann Fust - 1455: Fust completed 42 line Bible |
| Nicolas Copernicus (1473 - 1543) | - Canon and officer of Catholic church - compared Ptolemy's astronomy to medieval star and planet charts - created heliocentric model - added Earth's rotation to account for seasons and annual inclination of zodiac - eliminated diurnal motion of universe |
| Tycho Brahe (1546 - 1601) | - Danish noble and astronomer - system halfway between Ptolemy and Copernicus * sun and moon revolved around Earth * everything else revolved around Earth - observed comet of 1577 |
| Paracelsus (1493 - 1541) | - German physician - brought together medical and alchemical knowledge - one of the main creators of medical chemistry - promoted understanding matter based on elemental composition |
| Galileo Galilei (1562 - 1642) | - professor of mathematics - worked on projectile motion: * k = d/t^2 * cannonballs move in parabola * cannon at 45 degree angle produced maximum range - using telescope, discovered phases of Venus, craters on Moon, and moons around Jupiter - called for separation of science and religion - 1632: called before Roman inquisition for teaching Copernican system - convicted for disobedience to the Church |
| Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) | - mathematician and natural philosopher - endorsed heliocentric system - New Astronomy (1609): described magnetic force that emanated from sun that causes motion - First Law: planets move in elliptical orbits with sun at one focus - Second Law: time to sweep out areas of equal size takes equal time - Third Law: (T1 / T2)^2 = (R1 / R2)^3 (T = period; R = distance) |
| Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564) | - anatomy lecturer - traveled around Europe performing public dissections - 1543: published results of findings - method involved humanism and observation - everyone saw dissections and agreed on observations |
| Alchemy | - manipulation of material world - e.g., transformation of substances from one to another - precursor to modern material sciences of pharmacology, chemistry, etc. |
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