Approaches Quiz

What are the 3 key parts to Humanistic psychology?

Define the term "Free Will" in humanistic psychology.

Choose the order in which Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is laid out in humanistic psychology, from the bottom of the pyramid to its peak.

Describing self-actualization in humanistic psychology as a concept is difficult and as a consequence it is difficult to measure and therefore difficult to test.

Concepts such as self actualization in the humanistic approach have been widely rejected and the hierarchy of needs has been far from influential in other areas of society.

The Humanistic approach has been criticised for being culturally specific.

Who identified key factors in personal growth and development in Humanistic psychology?

The Self in [blank_start]humanistic[blank_end] psychology consists of all [blank_start]idea and values[blank_end] that characterise 'I' and 'me' and includes perceptions and valuing 'what I am' and 'what I can do'. [blank_start]Congruence[blank_end] refers to the degree of [blank_start]similarity[blank_end] between a person's ideal self and their [blank_start]imagined self (self-image)[blank_end]. Conditions of worth are conditions imposed on an individual's character or behaviour that are considered necessary to earn [blank_start]positive regard[blank_end] from significant others.

What are the 3 conditions needed to enable change according to the humanistic approach on counselling psychology?

The humanistic approach has contributed enormously to society, especially the world of psychological counselling and psychotherapy.

The ideas of the humanistic approach are hard to test scientifically and therefore support with empirical evidence.

A weakness of the humanistic approach is that the subjective experience of the individual is difficult to test and this cannot be seen as positive, even if our subjective experiences may influence our behaviour or makes the approach more individualistic.

The acknowledgement of free will in humanistic psychology is supported by how we feel as individuals. The idea appears intuitively correct to many in society.

Some concepts discussed in humanistic psychology are far too vague, like self-actualization.

Wilhelm Wundt developed psychology from its roots in philosophy.

What is introspection?

The hypothetico-[blank_start]deductive[blank_end] model is a process allowing us to refine and [blank_start]develop[blank_end] scientific theory. Its also known as the scientific [blank_start]process[blank_end]. The researcher makes an [blank_start]observation[blank_end] of phenomena in the world. They then develop a theory or hypothesis to explain the observation. This hypothesis is tested using [blank_start]empirical[blank_end] methods and the results are [blank_start]analysed[blank_end] to evaluate whether the hypothesis is supported or not. If not, the theory is [blank_start]refined[blank_end] and modified before tested again etc.

The main assumption of the biological approach is that all behaviour is driven by physical factors.

The biological approach is the extreme end of the nurture versus nature debate.

A genotype describes the genetic constitution of an individual.

Monozygotic twins are NOT identical.

Which 3 psychologists largely influenced the Learning Approach?

1. Give an example of an unconditioned stimulus with reference to Pavlov's dogs. [blank_start]Food.[blank_end] 2. Give an example of an unconditioned response with reference to Pavlov's dogs. [blank_start]Salivating.[blank_end] 3. Give an example of a neutral stimulus with reference to Pavlov's dogs. [blank_start]Bell.[blank_end]

In the Behaviourist Approach, what is meant by extinction?

[blank_start]Imitation[blank_end]- copying the behaviour we have observed in a role model who may/may not have received a reward. [blank_start]Identification[blank_end]- Occurs when we see ourselves as being similar to particular individual [blank_start]Modelling[blank_end]- Refers to copying behaviour of individual who is viewed as a role model.

Vicarious [blank_start]punishment[blank_end] occurs when the consequences we observe are negative and so we are not motivated to imitate behaviour. Vicarious [blank_start]reinforcement[blank_end] occurs when the consequences we observe are positive and so we are more likely to imitate the behaviour.

Match the defence mechanism in the psychodynamic approach with its definition. [blank_start]Denial[blank_end]- Involves blocking external events from awareness. [blank_start]Primary repression[blank_end]- Acting on desire causes anxiety, so desire is repressed. [blank_start]Repression proper[blank_end]- In which experiences or wishes in conscious mind are made unconscious.

Pavlov (1902) started from the idea that there are some things a dog does not need to learn. Dogs don't learn to salivate whenever they see food. This [blank_start]reflex[blank_end] is "hard wired" into the dog (it is an [blank_start]unconditioned stimulus[blank_end]). In his research, Pavlov discovered that there were [blank_start]stages[blank_end] to classical conditioning. Stage 1 occurs [blank_start]before[blank_end] conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus, in this case [blank_start]meat powder[blank_end], causes an [blank_start]unconditioned response[blank_end] ([blank_start]salivation[blank_end]). Stage 2 occurs when the [blank_start]neutral stimulus[blank_end], in this case a [blank_start]bell[blank_end], is introduced at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus, therefore causing the unconditioned response. When this has been adequately repeated, stage 3 will occur in which the neutral stimulus becomes the [blank_start]conditioned stimulus[blank_end] which causes the [blank_start]conditioned response[blank_end] of salivation. Therefore, when the dogs heard the bell they would then salivate.