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Chapter 5: Short-term and Working
Memory
- Sensory Memory
- An initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second
- Retention, the effects of sensory stimulation
- Example: The way a sparkler is moved around on the air and the trail is actually in your memory not in the air
- Persistence of Vision: the continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present
- Delayed Partial Report CogLab
- A group of 12 letters are flashed on the screen. After they are displayed a tone tells them what row to report
- A group of 12 letters are flashed on the screen. After they are displayed a tone tells them what row to report
- Delayed Partial Report CogLab
- Persistence of Vision: the continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present
- Example: The way a sparkler is moved around on the air and the trail is actually in your memory not in the air
- Iconic
- Vision
- Vision
- Echoic
- Hearing
- Hearing
- An initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second
- Short-term Memory
- Holds five to seven items for about 15-20 seconds depending on how complex
- Peterson and Peterson used method of recall to determine the duration of STM
- Digit Span: the number of digits a person can remember (five to nine)
- Peterson and Peterson used method of recall to determine the duration of STM
- The system involved in storing small amounts of information for a brief period of time
- Holds five to seven items for about 15-20 seconds depending on how complex
- Long-term Memory
- Hold large amount of information for years or even decades
- Hold large amount of information for years or even decades
- Working Memory
- A limited Capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning
- Phonological Loop
- Has two components
- Phonological Store
- Limited capacity and holds information for only a few seconds
- Limited capacity and holds information for only a few seconds
- Articulatory Rehearsal
- Responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying
- Responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying
- Phonological Store
- Word Length Effect
- When memory for lists of words is better for short words than long words and the second list is harder to remember because the words are longer
- When memory for lists of words is better for short words than long words and the second list is harder to remember because the words are longer
- Irrelevant Speech
- Where a random sequence of letters are given and you are to recall and half the trials have a german man reading
- Where a random sequence of letters are given and you are to recall and half the trials have a german man reading
- Articulatory Supression
- Reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal and eliminates the word length effect
- Reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal and eliminates the word length effect
- Has two components
- Visuospatial Sketch Pad
- Holds Visual and spatial information
- Brooks (1968)
- Visualize the letter "F", is the corner exterior or interior, either point to out or in or say out or in
- More difficult to point because imagining the letter and pointing both use visuospatial sketch pad
- More difficult to point because imagining the letter and pointing both use visuospatial sketch pad
- Visualize the letter "F", is the corner exterior or interior, either point to out or in or say out or in
- Holds Visual and spatial information
- In the Frontal Cortex
- Central Executive
- Control center of the working memory system
- Focus, divide, switch attention
- Controls suppression of irrelevant information
- Decreases perseveration
- Focus, divide, switch attention
- Control center of the working memory system
- Episodic Buffer
- Store information (extra capacity) and connected to LTM (interchange between WM and LTM)
- Store information (extra capacity) and connected to LTM (interchange between WM and LTM)
- A limited Capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning
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