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Cancer- Primary Events

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Year 2 Quiz on Cancer- Primary Events, created by gina_evans0312 on 30/11/2013.
gina_evans0312
Quiz by gina_evans0312, updated more than 1 year ago
gina_evans0312
Created by gina_evans0312 about 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is a primary event?
Answer
  • The conversion of a normal cell to a transformed cell
  • The conversion of a normal cell to a tumgeric cell
  • The conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene

Question 2

Question
What example of primary event is found in Burkitt's Lymphomoma?
Answer
  • Gross DNA change- Chrimosomal translocation
  • Gross DNA change- Chromsomal deletion
  • Gross DNA change- Chromosomal insertion

Question 3

Question
What occurs to the DNA in Burkett's Lymphoma?
Answer
  • The C-myc transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
  • The C-jun transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
  • The Erk transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter

Question 4

Question
Which chromosomes fuse to form the Philadelphia chromosome?
Answer
  • 9 & 22
  • 7 & 13
  • 6 & 10
  • 12 & 21

Question 5

Question
The loss of what chromosome causes retinoblastoma?
Answer
  • 13
  • 11
  • 19
  • 10

Question 6

Question
Name all of the gross DNA changes that can cause oncogenes to form?
Answer
  • Chromosome insertion
  • Chromosome deletion
  • Chromosomal translocatiion
  • Chromosome fusion

Question 7

Question
In Small Lung Lymphatic Lymphoma, what chromosome gains an extra copy?
Answer
  • 12
  • 1
  • 7
  • 16

Question 8

Question
Can deletions and additions occur in the same tumor?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 9

Question
A cancer is called a sarcoma- from what type of cell did it arise?
Answer
  • Muscle
  • Skin
  • Connective

Question 10

Question
Leukaemia's are unusual proliferations of what type of cell?
Answer
  • Blood
  • Liver
  • Kidney

Question 11

Question
What differentiates a normal mole from a potential melanoma?
Answer
  • Moles are contained by capsules
  • Moles are smaller than melanomas
  • Moles have a regular/symmetrical shape

Question 12

Question
When do normal cells cease to divide?
Answer
  • When they have terminally differentiated
  • When subject to stress/DNA damage

Question 13

Question
Telomere's are shortened every time the cell replicates- what is this thought to contribute to?
Answer
  • The Hayflick limit
  • Cancer cell formation
  • Cell immortality

Question 14

Question
How are cancer cells thought to evade the Hayflick limit?
Answer
  • Use of telomerase to extend telomeres
  • Use of telomeric synthase to extend telomeres
  • Use of telomere synthase to extend telomeres

Question 15

Question
The condition or process of deterioration with age- what is this defining?
Answer
  • Mortality
  • Tumergic emergence
  • Senescence

Question 16

Question
The occurence of cancer rises steeply as people..
Answer
  • Age
  • Gain weight
  • Become less self sufficient

Question 17

Question
What is considered (usually) to be the first mutation in a tumor forming cell
Answer
  • Increased cell proliferation
  • Survival in low O2 environments
  • Production of cytotoxic chemicals

Question 18

Question
What is an essential requirement for tumor cell formation
Answer
  • Genetic instability
  • No seriously, otherwise they just stay normal cells
  • And don't mutate further
  • It's kinda obvious, if you think about it

Question 19

Question
Can a cell become too unstable genetically to survive?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 20

Question
What is the difference between carcino and mutagenesis?
Answer
  • Carcinogenesis- generation of cancer Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence
  • Carcinogenesis- Generation of cancer Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence caused by a carcinogen

Question 21

Question
Why is Nitroform a direct carcinogen?
Answer
  • It can damage DNA in it's present form (needn't be altered by metabolism)
  • Can cause the immediate appearance of tumergic cells
  • Can cause the appearence of more than one mutation at once

Question 22

Question
Why is Aflatoxin not a direct carcinogen?
Answer
  • It must be metabollically altered before binding to Guanine in DNA
  • It must bind to other chemicals before binding to Guanine in DNA
  • It must be imported directly into the nucleus before binding to Guanine in DNA

Question 23

Question
What is the AMES test used for?
Answer
  • To detect mutagenic properties
  • To detect mutated cells

Question 24

Question
Name the three components of the AMES test
Answer
  • Possible mutagen
  • Possible carcinogen
  • Histadine dependent salmonella
  • Lysine dependent salmonella
  • Homogenised liver extract
  • Homogenised stomach extract

Question 25

Question
The cells in an AMES test are placed on an Agar plate lacking what?
Answer
  • Histadine
  • Lysine
  • Guanine

Question 26

Question
Tumor promoters act synergystically with what?
Answer
  • Carcinogens
  • Cell proliferation
  • Mutagens

Question 27

Question
Do tumor promoters directly alter DNA?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 28

Question
In tests, which had to be added first to promote tumor growth?
Answer
  • The initiator- which causes DNA damage
  • The promoter- which causes cell proliferation
  • Either- it doesn't matter

Question 29

Question
What happens when, after the initiator is added, the promoter is added slowly?
Answer
  • No tumor forms
  • A tumor forms

Question 30

Question
Why is rapid cell proliferation required after mutation?
Answer
  • It reactivates genes potentially silenced by initiator damage
  • Forces the expression of damaged genes
  • Because it does

Question 31

Question
Name the factors that don't influence cancer cell formation
Answer
  • Basic Bodily functions i.e the production of O2 radicals
  • Smoking
  • Environment
  • Diet
  • Reproductive life
  • Disease
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