Question 1
Question
What are the functions of skin?
Answer
-
Protection
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Thermoregulation
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Fat store
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Sensation
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Produce vitamin C
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Produce vitamin D
Question 2
Question
What is the most superficial layer of skin?
Answer
-
Dermis
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Epidermis
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Subcutis
Question 3
Question
How many layers make up the epidermis?
Answer
-
5 in normal skin, 4 in thick skin
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4 in normal skin, 5 in thick skin
Question 4
Question
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Answer
-
Stratum corneum
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Stratum lucidum
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Stratum Granulosum
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Stratum Spinosum
-
Stratum Basale
Question 5
Question
What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?
Answer
-
Stratum Corneum
-
Stratum Lucidum
-
Stratum Granulosum
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Stratum Spinosum
-
Stratum Basale
Question 6
Question
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Answer
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum granulosum
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum basale
Question 7
Question
Where on the body would you find thick skin?
Answer
-
Soles of the feet
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Knees
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Fingertips
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Palms of the hands
-
Lips
Question 8
Question
Between which layers of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum found?
Answer
-
Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum
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Between the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum
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Between the stratum spinosum and the stratum basale
Question 9
Question
What is the function of the stratum basale?
Answer
-
Endure the normal wear and tear of everyday life
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances which keep the skin waterproof
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Allow keratinocytes to mature and play a role in immune function
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Question 10
Question
What is the function of the stratum granulosum?
Answer
-
Endure the normal everyday wear and tear
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and have a role in immunity
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Question 11
Question
What is the function of the stratum corneum?
Answer
-
Endure the everyday wear and tear of everyday life
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immune function
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Question 12
Question
What is the function of the stratum spinosum?
Answer
-
Endures the normal everyday wear and tear
-
Produces keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immunity
-
Constantly produces keratinocytes
Question 13
Question
How many days, on average, does it take for cells produced in the stratum basale to reach the stratum corneum?
Answer
-
2 days
-
5 days
-
10 days
-
20 days
-
50 days
Question 14
Question
In what dermatological disease is the turnover of keratinocytes increased?
Answer
-
Atopic eczema
-
Psoriasis
-
Impetigo
-
Tinea
Question 15
Question
Which of the following are non-keratinising cells that can be found in the epidermis?
Answer
-
Merkel cells
-
Beta cells
-
Langerhan cells
-
Melanocytes
-
Kpuffer cells
-
Keratinocytes
Question 16
Question
What are Langerhan cells
Answer
-
Phagocytes
-
Antigen Presenting Cells
-
Pigment Producing Cells
Question 17
Question
What are Merkel Cells thought to do?
Question 18
Question
What keeps the dermis and the epidermis separate?
Question 19
Question
What is the name of the upper layer of the dermis?
Answer
-
Papillary dermis
-
Reticular dermis
Question 20
Question
What is the name of the lower layer of the dermis?
Answer
-
Papillary dermis
-
Reticular dermis
Question 21
Question
Which of the following is not found within the dermis?
Question 22
Question
Where is the deep vascular plexus?
Question 23
Question
Where is the superficial vascular plexus?
Question 24
Question
Why does blood flow within the skin need to be variable?
Question 25
Question
What nervous system allows the blood flow to the skin to be changed by constricting some of the anastamoses?
Question 26
Question
What are the four different types of nerve endings found in the dermis?
Answer
-
Free nerve endings
-
Fixed nerve endings
-
Pacinian corpuscles
-
Meissner's corpuscles
-
Merkel cellls
-
Langerhan cells
Question 27
Question
What is the subcutis predominantly made up of?
Answer
-
Type II collagen
-
Type I collagen
-
Adipose tissue
-
Melanocytes
Question 28
Question
What are the functions of the subcutis?
Answer
-
Heat insulator
-
Produce vitamin D
-
Act as a food store
-
Produce melanin
-
Produce type II collagen
-
Act as a shock absorber
Question 29
Question
Which of the following are associated with hair follicles?
Answer
-
Apocrine sweat glands
-
Eccrine sweat glands
-
Sebaceous glands
-
Arrector pili muscles
Question 30
Question
What do sebaceous glands produce?
Question 31
Question
What is the function of sebum?
Answer
-
It has antibiotic functions and protects us from bacteria
-
It moisturizes skin and hair
-
It allows us to lose heat when we are too hot
Question 32
Question
Hair and nails are made out of the same substance: keratin. True or false?
Question 33
Question
What does soft keratin contain that hard keratin does not?
Answer
-
Granular layer
-
Adipose tissue
-
Type II collagen
Question 34
Question
What are the two types of sweat gland found in skin?
Answer
-
Sebaceous
-
Apocrine
-
Eccrine
Question 35
Question
Which of these sweat glands produces smelly sweat?
Question 36
Question
What is the mechanism of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?
Answer
-
Holocrine
-
Apotosis
-
Merocrine
Question 37
Question
How are eccrine sweat glands innervated?
Answer
-
Sympathetic cholenergic control
-
Sympathetic adrenergic control
-
Parasympathetic cholenergic control
Question 38
Question
Where on the body are apocrine sweat glands found?
Question 39
Question
What is the innervation of apocrine sweat glands?
Answer
-
Sympathetic adrenergic control
-
Sympathetic cholenergic control
-
Parasympathetic cholenergic control
Question 40
Question
What is the function of vitamin D?
Answer
-
Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism
-
Regulates sodium and calcium metabolism
-
Regulates sodium and potassium metabolism
Question 41
Question
How much vitamin D is produced by our skin?
Question 42
Question
Lack of vitamin D in adults can cause what disease?
Answer
-
Osteomalacia
-
Osteoarthritis
-
Rickets
-
Osteoporosis
Question 43
Question
Where in the body is vitamin D activated?
Answer
-
Blood vessels
-
Kidneys
-
Spleen
Question 44
Question
In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?
Answer
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum granulosum
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum basale
Question 45
Question
What is the histological appearance of melanocytes?
Answer
-
Dark, flat cells resting on the basement membrane
-
Cells with many dendrites which mostly penetrate the basale layer
-
Round cells with visible granules inside
Question 46
Question
What does melanin do?
Question 47
Question
What are the two types of melanin?
Answer
-
Eumelanin
-
Pheomelanin
-
Fibromelanin
-
Neomelanin
Question 48
Question
How do these two types of melanin cause the wide range of skin colours seen in humans?
Answer
-
They are mixed in different ratios
-
Darker skinned people have more melanin than lighter skinned people
-
Lighter skinned people only have one type of melanin