The Evolution of Psychology

William Wundt (1832-1920)
1. In 1879 Wundt established his first laboratory for research in Psychology, so after he made his first journal that was devoted to psychology
2. Eventually wanted his work to be more in depth and scientifically
3. A lot of people began to study under him and soon branched of to start their own journey. Many laboratories around the world were started because of his students.
G. Stanley Hall (1846-1924)
1. Hall 's important contribute to psychology was that he started the American Psychological Association also known as APA
  1. Was elected its first president at the University he studied at
Science is born
Structuralism Vs Functionalism
1. William James (1842-1910)
  1. Functionalism wanted to investigate more of the conscious mind
  2. Stream of consciousness
2. Edward Titchener
  1. Professor at Cornell University
  2. Structuralist, wanted to go beyond into the conscious thinking and explore deeply.
3. Introspection
Behaviourism
1. John B. Watson (1878-1958)
  1. Wanted scientific psychology to be about observing rather than studying consciousness
  2. Questioned if psychology was all about nature vs nurture
Unconsciousness is brought into the picture
1. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
  1. Freud treated people who had psychological problems with psychoanalysis
    1. Freud was famous for using the unconscious way to make people over come whatever fears or issues they had. The unconscious mind had so much valueable information that helped Freud with his work.
2. Psychoanalytic was introduced around the world in 1920
Behaviourism Flourishes
1. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
  1. Controlling the behaviour of animals and manipulating the outcomes of their behaviours
Humanist Revolt
1. Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow
  1. Both agreed in order to understand people you first have to understand their behvaiour and their personal growth
  2. Carl Rogers started his own approach to psycho-therapy and is known as person-centered therapy
Psychology becomes of age
1. There is 2 way psychology has adapted: Applied psychology which deals with the everyday problems and clinical psychology which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
  1. Clinical psychology is a bit more popular than applied.
The Return of Cognition
1. Many psychologist went back to the conscious experience and it was also known as cognition
  1. Jean Piaget main focus was children's cognitive development and Noam Chomsky gain interest in language
  2. Cognitive theorists argued that psychology will be better to understand once they fully understand behaviour
2. James Old introduced electrial stimulation to the brain and the outcome would be either pleasure or rage
Seven Key Themes
1. Theme 1: Psychology is Empirical. When we say psychology is empirical we say that it is based mainly on observation and to think critically
2. Theme 2: Psychology is Theoretically Diverse. Psychologist not only observe but they also construct theories
3. Theme 3: Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context. Looking at a society at large, observing trends that impact psychology, just looking at it from a different point of view
4. Theme 4: Behaviour is Determined by Multiple Causes. Behaviour is intertwined with different opinions of others and not just the one person
5. Theme 5: Behaviour is Shaped by Cultural Hertiage. Culture is what makes a person who they are, influences people, makes people feel whole like they are part of something.
6. Theme 6: Heredity and Environment Jointly Influence Behaviour. The personal traits of a person makes them, them, without the personal traits everyone would be the same.
7. Theme 7: People's Experience of the World is Highly Subjective. Motivation and expectations shape a persons life, sometimes what they see isnt really what people see.

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The Evolution of Psychology

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	Created by Shannon Crane over 7 years ago