Chapters 12-17

1. Richard Arkwright
   1. water frame
2. Eli Whitney
   1. idea of interchangable parts
   2. cotton gin
3. Samuel Morse
   1. telegraph (1832)
4. John Deere
   1. steel plow (1832)
5. Cyrus McCormick
   1. mechanical reaper (1831)

1. British mechanic that fled to US
2. Rhode Island System
   1. trapped families into companies

1. first steamboat sailed Hudson River

1. cotton belt
2. "cotton is king"
3. depleted soil of nutrients
   1. new interest in agricultual science

1. California = a free state
2. Mexican territory = decided by PS
3. slave trade ends in DC
4. TX gives up land east of Rio Grande - US pays war debts
5. new Fugitive Slave Law is passed

1. written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe

1. bc Stephen Douglas wanted railroad to the West
2. allowed ppl of the 2 territories to decided themselves on slavery
3. both movements rushed in and set up governments
   1. TENSION --> John Brown (anti-slavery) killed 5 pro-slavery men @ Pottawatome

1. Harper's Ferry
   1. October 16, 1859 - John Brown raided federal arsenal in VA
2. Secession
   1. SC, MISS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX formed the CSA
      1. Jefferson Davis elected as president

1. disorganized
2. Gen. Jackson gets name "Stonewall Jackson"

1. USS Monitor vs CSA Merrimac
2. innovation of technology

1. Battle of Shiloh, TN
   1. beginning of US Grant
2. Capture of New Orleans by USA
   1. shows USA naval supremacy

1. 2nd Battle of Bull Run
   1. CSA victory

1. Antietam, Md
   1. USA: Lee CSA: McClellan Burnside
2. bloodiest one day battle of the war: USA WIN
   1. 1st battle
      1. fought through woods: 4 hrs
   2. 2nd battle
      1. fight over "Bloody Lane": Burnsides Bridge
   3. 3rd battle
      1. CSA gets inforcements from Gen. Hill: pushes North back over bridge

1. Jan. 1, 1863
   1. Lincoln passes Emancipation Procclaimation
2. May - Battle of Chancelloriville, VA
   1. greatest victory but biggest lost for Lee (Pyrrhic Victory)
      1. STONEWALL JACKSON DIES

Annotations:

• only civillian killed = Jenny Wade (by stray bullet)

1. USA: Meade CSA: Lee
   1. Lee's 2nd attempt to invade the North
      1. July 1
         1. meet up, set lines
      2. July 2
         1. Devil's Den attack
      3. July 3
         1. CSA Gen. Pickett tries to break Union line
            1. FAIL
            2. 1. First Union Victory 2. Lee gives up invading North

Annotations:

• split CSA in TWO

1. March 1864 - Grant takes control of USA army
   1. TOTAL WAR: complete destruction by physical, emotional, economical
2. November 1864 - Lincoln re-elected
3. November 15, 1864 - Sherman's March to Sea
   1. 250 miles
   2. tore up railroads, looted and pillaged, lived off farms, 60 mile wide damage
   3. Sherman's hairpins
   4. billions of $ of damange

1. April 1865
   1. Union occupies Richmond, VA
2. April 9, 1865 - Surrender of Gen. Lee at Appomatlax
   1. Terms of Surrender
      1. rebels surrender weapons + supplies
      2. rebels can keep personal items
      3. rebels GIVE UP and GO HOME
3. April 1865 - Lincoln killed
   1. Reconstruction: process of uniting CSA + USA
   2. Lincoln's 10% Plan: swear on oath, slavery is illegal
      1. Andrew Jackson: 10% plan, Presidential Pardon
   3. 13 Amendment: slavery = illegal
      1. 14 Amendment: defines citizens, due process, equal protection
         1. 15 Amendment: black MEN to vote
   4. Freedman's Bureau: education/jobs
   5. Black Codes: work contracts
      1. Jim Crow Laws
         1. Ku Klux Klan