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4928337
INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL DIVERSITY
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Mind Map on INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL DIVERSITY, created by farisnazmie on 22/03/2016.
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farisnazmie
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farisnazmie
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INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL DIVERSITY
STRUCTURE AND SPECIALIZATION
Nervous tissue and muscle tissue
Multicellular
Heterotroph (ingest food)
Cells lack cell wall
Bodies held together (collagen)
REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Have one larval stage
Hox genes
Regulate development body form
Produce wide diversity of animal morphology
Zygote undergoes rapid development called as clevage
Reproduce sexually
Diploid stage dominate life cycle
Larva
Sexually immature
Distinct from adult
HISTORY OF LIFE SPAN
2. PALEOZOIC ERA
Cambrian explosion
Cause by
Prey-predator relationship
Rise in level of atmospheric oxygen
Hox genes evolution
Earliest fossil animal
542-251 million years ago
3. MESOZOIC ERA
First mammals emerged
Dinosaurs were dominant terrestrial vertebrates
252-65.5 million years ago
Coral reefs emerged
Important marine ecological niches
4. CENOZOIC ERA
Mass extinction (land and aquatic)
Insect diversified
Modern mammals orders
65.5 million years ago - present
Global climate cooled
1. NEOPROTEROZOIC ERA
1 billion - 542 million years ago
BODY PLAN
To categories animals
SYMMETRY
Radial
Often sessile or planktonic (drifting or weakly swimming)
No front and back, or left and right
Bilateral
Two sided symmetry
Characteristic
Cephalization, the development of a head
A dorsal (top) side and a ventral (bottom) side
Anterior (head) and posterior (tail) end
A right and left side
Move actively and have a central nervous system
TISSUE
Diploblastic animals
Ectoderm
Germ layer covering the embryo’s surface
Endoderm
Innermost germ layer and lines the developing digestive tube, called the archenteron
Triploblastic animals
+ Mesoderm
Three germ layers
Include all bilaterians
CAVITIES
Coelomates
Acolomates
Pseudocoelomates
A grade is a group whose members share key biological features
CLEAVAGE
Deuterostrome
Cleavage is radial and indeterminate
Protostrome
Cleavage is spiral and determinate
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