Question 1
Question
The reaction of antibody with a non soluble antigen or an antigen-cated particles result in formation of visible to the eye clumb is called
Answer
-
agglutination
-
precipitation
-
neutralization
-
complement fixation test
Question 2
Question
ELlSA makes use of:
Question 3
Question
widal from used to.....
Answer
-
slide agglutination test
-
tube agglutination
-
CUT
-
lectin pathway
Question 4
Question
Which of the following immunoglobulins may be transferes to the fetus during pregnancy
Question 5
Question
The genus specific name for group A streptococci is
Answer
-
streptococcus pneumonia
-
streptococcus viridans
-
streptococcus diphtheria
-
streptococcus pyogenes
Question 6
Question
The main pathogenic factor of corynebacterium diphtheria is
Answer
-
an endotoxin
-
an exotoxin
-
a spore
-
a protein
Question 7
Question
The specific prophylaxis of diphtheria is performed by
Question 8
Question
Which of the following statement concerning cholera infection is correct?
Answer
-
death occurs in 46 weeks exclusion and respiratory failure
-
the disease is marked by microorganism invasion and hemorrhage of large intestine
-
vibrio cholera produce an acute fehrile disease with
-
the disease is rapidly progressive and maybe fatal in 2 days because of bacterial multiplication in the gut and shock
Question 9
Question
Beta lactamase production is a major problem for treatment of infections caused by:
Question 10
Question
HIV has been shown to be transmitted by one of the following except
Answer
-
Sexual contact
-
Perinatal infection
-
Mosquitos
-
Blood transfer
Question 11
Question
Each organism is identified by two names including:
Answer
-
family and kingdom
-
genus and species
-
family and species
-
family and genus
Question 12
Question
[blank_start]Simple[blank_end] techniques of staining make use of only one dye,where as [blank_start]Complex[blank_end] staining a combination of dyes?
Question 13
Question
The volutine granules of corynebacterium diptheria are visualized by [blank_start]Neisser[blank_end] Staining
Question 14
Question
The following structure are located in the cytoplasmic membrane?
Answer
-
spore
-
nucleotid
-
ribosomes
-
capsule
Question 15
Question
Based on their cell wall structure bacteria are divided into:
Answer
-
gram(+) and gram(-)
-
aerobe and anerobe
-
sphere and spinal
-
cocci and rods
Question 16
Question
Peptidoglycan polymers are found only in:
Answer
-
bacterial cell
-
animal cell
-
a,b
-
viruses
Question 17
Question
Flagella are present in every bacterium
Question 18
Question
Sporulation appears to be
Answer
-
an initiation of the bacterium cell
-
a reaction to conditions that are unfavorable for normal growth
-
a status to resist desiccation and other harmful conditions
-
a,b
-
b,c
Question 19
Question
The complete killing or removal of all microorganisms including bacterial spores is called?
Answer
-
sterilization
-
disinfection
-
antisepsis
-
non is true
Question 20
Question
Cytoplasm contains:
Answer
-
storage granules
-
spores
-
capsules
Question 21
Question
Which of following component are not found in the gram negative cell wall?
Answer
-
amino acids
-
lipopolysaccharides
-
peptidoglycan
-
teichoic acids
Question 22
Question
Pfeiffer technique of staining makes use of following dye?
Answer
-
methylene blue
-
ziehl’s fuchsine
-
neutral red
-
gentian violet
Question 23
Question
Which of the following structure contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance
Answer
-
plasmld
-
pilli
-
capsules
-
plasma membrane
Question 24
Question
Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells
Answer
-
flagella
-
plasmid
-
peptidoglycan
-
glycocalix
Question 25
Question
Which of the following is not a gram negative microbe
Answer
-
Clostridum perfringes
-
Vibrio cholerae
-
excheriehia
-
bordetella
Question 26
Question
What causes it to be pink
Answer
-
pheiffer's fuchsine
-
gram iodine
-
crystale violet
-
neisser
Question 27
Question
Selective media are designed to
Question 28
Question
Which part of the antibody molecule reacts with the antigenic determinant agent
Answer
-
the fab fragment
-
the fe fragment
-
the constant H region
-
the constants
Question 29
Question
The chemical complement pathway is activated by
Answer
-
microbial endotoxins
-
antigen-antibody complex
-
microbial proteins
Question 30
Question
All of the following statement about exotoxins are true expect
Answer
-
they are produce mainly by gram (+) bacteria
-
they may be neutralized by antitoxins
-
they are proteins
-
they are heat stable at 100*
Question 31
Question
In Solid media bacterial growth is detected by observing
Answer
-
appearance of colonies
-
development of pellet
-
development of turbidity
-
a surface membrane
Question 32
Question
The last phase of bacterial growth curve is:
Answer
-
log phase
-
lag phase
-
stationary phase
-
phase of decline
Question 33
Question
Which of the following component is not found in the gram(-) cell wall
Answer
-
lipopolysaccharide
-
peptidoglycan
-
teichoic acids
-
O antigen
Question 34
Question
The antiseptic is:
Question 35
Question
Klett is a staining procedure for visualizing:
Answer
-
spores
-
capsules
-
volutine granules
-
nucleotid
Question 36
Question
All of the following media are differential except:
Question 37
Question
Immunoprophylaxis of tuberculosis includes:
Answer
-
live affenuated vaccine BCG
-
injection of antimycobacterial serum
-
passive transfer of ready made antibodies from sensitized person
-
a toxoid
Question 38
Question
Passive immunization is an application of:
Answer
-
small doses of infective agent
-
ready made antibodies, formed by another host in response to artificial immunization or to natural infection
-
toxoids
-
killed vaccines
Question 39
Question
Which of the following statements about exotoxins are true:
Answer
-
they are produced mainly by gram(+) bacteria
-
they may be neutralized by antitoxins
-
they are proteins
-
they are heat stable at 100*
Question 40
Question
Which of the following is not a distinctive characteristic of viruses
Answer
-
viruses lack the machinery for protein synthesis
-
viruses require living cells for replication
-
viruses replicate by a process of binary fission
-
viral genomes are either DNA or RNA but not both
Question 41
Question
the immune response elicited by Salk’s inactivated polio vaccine is deficient in specific
Answer
-
secretory lgA
-
serum IgA
-
serum lgM
-
IgG
Question 42
Question
All of the following are characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)expect?
Answer
-
it bind to CD4 molecule preferentially
-
it contains gp120 and gp30 envelope proteins
-
it is the causative agent of AIDS
-
it contains DNA within its core
Question 43
Question
Complement fixation test requires
Answer
-
dissolved antigen
-
corpusculum antigen
-
antitoxin
-
complement
Question 44
Question
Which of the immunoglobin molecule is pentamenie
Question 45
Question
Resection of the transplanted organ due to preformed antibodies in recipient is defined
Answer
-
hyper acute
-
aclerated
-
acute
-
chronic
Question 46
Question
microorganisms can be defined as living creatures so small that are not visible by eye
Question 47
Question
Loffler staining procedure stains bacteria in
Question 48
Question
Which of the following is not true related to endotoxins
Question 49
Question
Gram negative bacteria differ from gram(+) organism because they passes?
Question 50
Question
Most bacteria increase in number through the process of
Answer
-
binary fission
-
budding
-
sporulation
-
sexual reproduction
Question 51
Question
The term “growth” when for microorganism refer to
Question 52
Question
All of the following statement about bacteria cell division are true except:
Answer
-
all bacteria double their number every 1 hour
-
bacterial times are influenced by environmental conditions
-
the two bacterial cells following division are genetically identical, they are ones
-
all the above
Question 53
Question
Bacterial nucleotid consist of
Answer
-
no chromosomes
-
one chromosome
-
several chromosome
Question 54
Question
Bacterial capsule can be visual sated by:
Answer
-
gram stain
-
loeffler stain
-
klett stain
-
moller stain
Question 55
Question
Lipopolysacharides can be found in large amount in:
Answer
-
gram(+) bacterial wall
-
gram (-) bacterial wall
-
both
-
none of above
Question 56
Question
Complex methods for bacterial staining are
Answer
-
Loeffler stain
-
Pfefiffer stain
-
Gram stain
-
ZiehI-Neelsen stain
Question 57
Question
Specific identity (serotype) of influenza virus can be accomplished by:
Question 58
Question
enlargement of one or both parotid glands in the common clinical manifestation of:
Answer
-
measles
-
mumps
-
rubella
-
grippe
Question 59
Question
The initial replication of human poliovirus starts in:
Question 60
Question
In congenital rubella the fetus produce:
Question 61
Question
The most common classification system used in microbiology is binomal and was established by:
Answer
-
Pasteur
-
Koch
-
Linnaeus
-
Gram
Question 62
Question
Common pili play role in bacterial;
Answer
-
conjugation
-
adherence to surface
-
motility
-
precipitation
Question 63
Answer
-
found in gram (+) bacteria
-
found in gram(-) bacteria
-
proteins
-
a structural component of the spore
Question 64
Question
Which of the following techniques allows to start with a single piece of microbial DNA and produce billions of copies in matter of hour
Answer
-
PCR
-
ELlSA
-
hybridoma biotechnology
-
IFA
Question 65
Question
Which of the following is the fastest way to kill endospores
Answer
-
autoclave at 121*C
-
hot air at 160*C
-
clorox solution
-
filtration
Question 66
Question
Gram positive bacterium is most susceptible to the action of penicillin in the following phase of growth?
Answer
-
lag
-
log
-
stationary
-
decline
Question 67
Question
The primary immune response include participation of?
Question 68
Question
The first vaccine was used against:
Answer
-
measles
-
tuberculosis
-
hepatitis
-
small pox
Question 69
Question
The alternative pathway of complement activation is:
Question 70
Question
Which of the immunoglobulins mediates the local immunity
Question 71
Question
The formation of pharyngeal pseudomembrane is not indicative for
Answer
-
tuberculosis
-
diphtheria
-
whooping
-
gas gangrene
Question 72
Question
The most potent biological toxin known is
Answer
-
clastridiumbotidinum exotoxin
-
staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin
-
bacillus cereus toxin
-
clostridium perfringes exotoxin
Question 73
Question
The special staining method used for microscopic diagnosis of tuberculosis
Answer
-
Gram
-
Klett
-
Ziehl-Neelsen
-
Moller
Question 74
Question
Cytopathic effect is
Answer
-
killing of bacteria by viruses
-
absorption of red blood cells by surface of cultured cells
-
damage of cultured infected cells and associated morphological change
-
antigen-antibody reaction
Question 75
Question
Viruses contain the following type of nucleic acid
Answer
-
DNA-single strained
-
DNA double strained
-
DNA or RNA
-
both DNA and RNA
Question 76
Question
Hepatitis B virus is most often transmitted by
Answer
-
sexual contact
-
air
-
blood transfusion
-
ticks
Question 77
Question
Varicellazinster virus is a member of
Answer
-
hypersnviridae
-
hepadnaviridae
-
retroviridae
-
paenviridae
Question 78
Question
Epstizin Bar Virus is the causative agent of:
Answer
-
measles
-
mumps
-
rubella
-
infectious mononucleosis
Question 79
Question
Sabin's vaccine against poliomyelitis is secretory immunity in the intestine
Question 80
Question
Spherical bacteria,arranged in cluster are known as:
Answer
-
Staphylococci
-
Streptococci
-
Diplococci
-
Vibrios
Question 81
Question
Which concentration of ethyl alcohol is the most effective one as disinfectant and antiseptic
Question 82
Question
Penicillin specifically inhibits:
Answer
-
protein synthesis
-
peptidoglyconsynthesis
-
nucleic acid synthesis
-
formation of capsules
Question 83
Question
Conjugation differs from transformation and transduction in that it requires a contact between the donor and the recipient:
Question 84
Question
Which of the following structure is involved in bacterial attachment to cell surface?
Answer
-
capsule
-
flagella
-
pilli
-
measurants
Question 85
Question
Bacterial growth medium that contains penicillins:
Answer
-
minimal medium
-
selective medium
-
differential medium
Question 86
Question
The antigen-antibody complex activates complement through:
Answer
-
classical pathway
-
alternative pathway
-
lectin pathway
Question 87
Question 88
Question
The unit of measurement of bacterial size is:
Answer
-
nanometer
-
micrometer
-
millimeter
-
kilobase
Question 89
Question
Bacterial growth curve is generally separated into
Answer
-
two distinct phase
-
three distinct phase
-
four distinct phase
-
five distinct phase
Question 90
Question
Resistance to many antibiotics is carried by:
Answer
-
R plasmids
-
sex pilli
-
spores
-
capsules
Question 91
Question
Which of the following structures are known to protect bacteria from phago... by white blood cells
Answer
-
flagella
-
spores
-
capsules
-
ribosomes
Question 92
Question
Spherical bacteria, arranged in chains are known as:
Answer
-
staphylococci
-
streptococci
-
neisseria
-
bacilli
Question 93
Question
Endotoxins are associated with
Answer
-
Catalase production
-
Flagella in gram (-) bacteria
-
LPS (lipopolyshoccharide)
-
Capsules in gram (-) bacteria
Question 94
Question
The antigenic typing of salmonella spp detects:
Answer
-
D, Vi and H antigens
-
Protein
-
M protein
-
Endotoxin
Question 95
Question
Which of the following test is used to detect delayed type hypersensitivity
Answer
-
ASO test
-
CFT
-
Mantoux test
-
None of the above
Question 96
Question
Which are the most important immunoglobulins at the mucosal surfaces
Question 97
Question
Salmonella spp is causative agent of
Answer
-
typhoid fever
-
cholera
-
paratyphoid fever
-
bacterial dysentery
Question 98
Question
There are animal reservoirs for:
Answer
-
leptosspinosis
-
salmonellosis
-
cholera
-
diphtheria
Question 99
Question
Bacteria could be cultured in artificial nutrient media
Question 100
Question
The mean doubling time for most bacterium is
Answer
-
8 hours
-
24 hours
-
20-30 minutes
-
4 weeks
Question 101
Question
Dark field microscopy is usually applied for
Answer
-
stained preperations with irreversion cell between cochser
-
unstrained wet preparation with oil between the conduncer and the slide irreverSion
-
unstained wet properations with water between the condenser and the slide
-
ultra thin reactions of tissue
Question 102
Question
Which of the following component contain peptidoglycan?
Answer
-
Gram(+) cell walls +F
-
DNA
-
Flagella
-
Cytoplasmic membrane
Question 103
Question
The clorax solution and ethyl alcohol are example of:
Answer
-
sterilizing agents
-
disinfection
-
antibiotics
-
base analogs
Question 104
Question
Which immunoglobin contain j chain
Answer
-
IgA and lgG
-
lgM and lgA
-
lgG and IgM
-
lgD and lgG
-
lgE
Question 105
Question
Which of the following are DNA viruses?
Answer
-
adenoviruses
-
picornviruses
-
paramyxoviruses
-
orthomyoviruses
Question 106
Question
Which one is considered a vireal disease viral
Answer
-
herpes simplex type 1
-
herpes simplex type 2
-
rubella vire
-
medual vire
Question 107
Question
Which of the following diagnostic markers persist in the blood stream of HBV infected individuals and is found an (imcatox) of infection
Answer
-
HBsAg
-
anti-HAV antibodies
-
H-2
-
none of the above
Question 108
Question
All of the following statement about poliomyelitis are correct except:
Answer
-
virus is transmitted mainly in respiratory droplets
-
most disease occur apparent sub-clinical infection
-
persistantviremiafam CNS involvement
-
spinal poliomyelitis involves the anterior born cells of the spinal cord
Question 109
Question
During the incubation period of the HBV infection which of the following viral diagnostic marker is most abundant in blood and is commonly used for diagnosis
Answer
-
HBSAg
-
Anti-HAV antibodies
-
Anti-HCV antibodies
Question 110
Question
Influenza virus on RNA virus:
Question 111
Question
Human herpes virus 2 is usually associated with:
Answer
-
genital herpes
-
measles
-
rubelia
-
erpes zoster
Question 112
Question
Human immunodeficiency virus belongs to:
Answer
-
adenoviridae
-
retroviridae
-
togruviridae
-
poxviridae
Question 113
Question
The presence of low levels lgG but not lgM antibodies to rubella virus in the newborn suggests:
Question 114
Question
A four fold or greater increase in autoantibody titer,measured by appropriate available viral diagnostic test and performed on serum collected at time of disease onset and 14 days later would:
Answer
-
be highly suggestive to the presence of the disease
-
indicate previous infection in healthy person
-
not be sufficient for diagnosis
-
not be informative since the serum specimens were not collected at proper interval of time
Question 115
Question
Current acute HAV infection is best diagnosed by the presence of?
Answer
-
HBgcAg
-
anti-HBcsntibodies
-
IgM anti-HAV
-
delta antigen
Question 116
Question
Which of the following microorganisms lack a cell wall
Answer
-
ram positive cocci
-
gram negative rods
-
richetsia
-
mycoplasma
Question 117
Question
All of the following statement are characteristics for group A strepcoccus?
Answer
-
they are rarely resistaned to paraisitis
-
they produce beta-hemolysis on blood agar
-
they are sensitive to bacitracin
-
they are of the normal environment fiera
Question 118
Question
Herpes virus varicella is a member of (zoster) (varicella zoster virus is member of:
Answer
-
herpes viridae
-
poxviridae
-
hepadnaviridae
-
retroviridae
Question 119
Question
Which of the following Viruses cause infection mononucleosis?
Answer
-
Herpes simplex 1
-
Epstein-barr-viruses
-
CMV
-
Varicella zoster virus
Question 120
Question
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions are
Answer
-
anaphylactic and atopic
-
comlement-mediated cytolysis
-
immune-complexes mediated
-
cell mediated with participation
Question 121
Question
The causative agent of AIDS is:
Answer
-
Human herpes virus
-
Haemophilus influenzae
-
Human papilloma virus
-
HIV
Question 122
Question
Which of the following components contain peptidoglycan?
Answer
-
Gram (+) cell walls
-
Gram (-) cell walls
-
DNA
-
Cytoplasmic membrane
Question 123
Question
Risus sardonicus refers to:
Answer
-
diphtheria
-
measles
-
tetanus
-
botulism
Question 124
Question
Slide agglutination test detects:
Answer
-
microbial antigens
-
unknown
-
viral particles
-
bacterial phagocytosis
Question 125
Question
Protein A is a surface protein covalently bound to most strains of
Question 126
Question
Which of the following interferons participate in the .... immune response?
Answer
-
interferon alpha
-
interferon beta
-
interferon gamma
Question 127
Question
The microbiological test that is widely used for the diagnosis of staphylococcal
Question 128
Question
Which of the following statements are characteristics for group A streptococci
Answer
-
they are rarely resistant to penicillin
-
they produce Beta-hemolysis on blood agar
-
they are sensitive to bacitracin
-
they are part of the normal intestinal flora
Question 129
Question
Which of the following vaccines is of routine use?
Answer
-
against smallpox
-
against hepatitis
-
against measles
-
against mumps
Question 130
Question
Which of the following vaccines is not of routine use anymore
Question 131
Question
Which are is consider venereal disease virus
Answer
-
herpes simplex type 1
-
herpes simplex 2
-
rubella
Question 132
Question
The subspecies group are identified on the basis of
Question 133
Question
The main pathogenic factor of clostridium tetani is
Answer
-
endotoxin
-
exotoxin
-
spores
-
capsule
Question 134
Question
RIA makes use of:
Question 135
Question
Which of the following immunoglobulin is the principal immunoglobin in exocrine secretion?
Question 136
Question
The causative agents of tetanus is:
Answer
-
clostridium difficile
-
clostridium botulinum
-
clostridium perfingens
-
clostridium tetani
Question 137
Question
The positive coagulase test for staphylococcus aureus is indicated by:
Question 138
Question
This microorganism causes a sexually transmitted disease that can be diagnosed by demonstration of cytoplasmic inclusions in......?
Answer
-
Chlamydia atrachomatis
-
Candida albicans
-
Trepomena pfedure
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Question 139
Question
Viridans streptococci:
Answer
-
can cause neonatal sepsis
-
are involved in urinary infection in females
-
are the most frequent cause of bacterial endocarditis
-
cause zoonotic disease transmitted to humans primary by contact with animal urine
Question 140
Question
Which of the following statement about microbiological diagnosis of diphtheria is correct
Answer
-
Microorganisms are coagulase positive
-
microscopy from culture on lofller’s medium or tallarite agar would reveal characteristic chinede letter formation
-
microorganisms are impossible to be identified by Neisser stain because of their small size
-
microorganisms are delicate and can be cultured only in ell culture
Question 141
Question
Exotoxins play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of each of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
-
botulism
-
diphtheria
-
tetanus
-
plaque
Question 142
Question
Influenza virus belongs to:
Answer
-
hepado viridae
-
orthomyxoviridae
-
paramyxoviridae
-
hypesviridae
Question 143
Question
Which of the following is the leading cause of post transfusion hepatitis producing the highest frequency of chronic disease
Answer
-
hepatitis A virus (HAV)
-
hepatitls B virus (HBV)
-
hepatitis C virus (HCV)
-
hepatitis D
Question 144
Question
Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest serum level in healthy adults
Question 145
Question
Trepanemapallidum is the causative agent of:
Answer
-
typhoid fever
-
plague
-
syphilis
-
tuberculosis
Question 146
Question
The pathogenesis and clinical of primary tuberculosis are characterized by
Answer
-
cell mediated response with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltrating the focus of infection
-
a complement mediated immune response
-
a humoral mediated immune response
-
an absence of adaptive immune response
Question 147
Question
Which form of plague is most likely to be transmitted from human to human:
Answer
-
typhoidal
-
sylvatic
-
pneumonic
-
ulceroglandular
Question 148
Question
Staphylococci differ from streptococci in:
Answer
-
gram reactivity
-
cell diameter
-
acid fast staining
-
catalase production
Question 149
Question
All of the following characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium are true EXCEPT:
Answer
-
has a multianimal reservoir
-
is one of the most common causes of enterocolitis
-
ferments lactose
-
is a gram (-), molite, endotoxin bearing rod
Question 150
Question
Which of the following characteristics concerning influenza A virus is correct
Answer
-
it can always cause generalized infections
-
it can always cause encephalitis
-
it has the capacity to undergo shift and drift
-
it has nonsegmented negative sense genoma
Question 151
Question
Hepatitis A virus is most often transmitter by
Answer
-
sexual contact
-
contaminated food
-
blood transfusion
-
shared needles
Question 152
Question
All of the following statements are characteristic for group A streptococci EXCEPT:
Answer
-
they are rarely resistant to Penicillin
-
they produce beta-hemolysis on blood agar
-
they are sensitive to bacitracin
-
they are part of the normal intestinal flora