1.1 Types of Conformity

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A level Psychology (social influence) Mind Map on 1.1 Types of Conformity, created by Alicja Klak on 13/03/2023.
Alicja Klak
Mind Map by Alicja Klak, updated more than 1 year ago
Alicja Klak
Created by Alicja Klak over 1 year ago
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1.1 Types of Conformity
  1. Herbert Kelman (1958) suggested there were three ways in which people conform to the opinion of a majority
    1. Identification
      1. Conform to the opinions of a group because it is something they value.
        1. Publicly change opinions but don't privately agree.
      2. Internalisation
        1. When a person genuinely accepts the group norms.
          1. Results in private as well as public change in opinions or behaviour.
        2. Compliance
          1. Superficial change in behaviour to fit in.
            1. Simply ' going along' with people but keeping own opinions.
        3. Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerard (1955) developed a TWO PROCESS THEORY. Two main reasons for conformity.
          1. INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE (ISI)
            1. NEED TO BE RIGHT
              1. When a person conforms to gain knowledge or they believe someone is 'right'
                1. Cognitive process
              2. NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE (NSI)
                1. NEED TO BE LIKED
                  1. Dependant on norms, people will conform if they want to appear more socially acceptable.
                    1. Emotional process
                2. Evaluation
                  1. Strengths
                    1. Research support for ISI. Lucas et al (2006) asked students to give answers to mathematical processes. There was greater conformity to incorrect answers for harder questions than easier ones.
                      1. Shows that people conform in situations where they feel other people will help them succeed.
                      2. Support for NSI. Asch found that many people went along with the incorrect answer just because they felt self conscious giving the correct answer. When asked to write the answer instead, conformity fell to 12.5%
                      3. Limitations
                        1. Idea of the 'two way process' is that behaviour is EITHER NSI or ISI. In truth both processes are involved.
                          1. Asch experiment the dissenting participant may reduce the power of NSI by providing social support or ISI because there is an alternative source of information.
                          2. Individual differences in the NSI.
                            1. Research shows that NSI does not affect everyone's behaviour in the same way. People who have a need for for association are described as 'AFFILIATORS'. Shows that the desire to be liked underlies conformity for some people more than others.
                            2. Individual differences with ISI.
                              1. Asch found that students were less conformist than those who werent students.
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