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| Question | Answer |
| Why is the explanation of sexual selection arbitary? | Becuase stating that our ancestors found neophilia attractive is too simple, there is no explanation as to why our ancestors would find this attractive |
| What evidence was provided by Darwin? | That female birds preferred the males who had a creative and complex songs |
| who stated that most relationships ended due to boredom and that neophilia can prevent this? | Duck |
| What did DeBacker suggest about gossiping? | gossip creates bonds within social groups, also constructs and manipulates reputations and exchange info about potential mates not only real life but individuals in the media |
| What did Barko suggest? | our minds are fooled into regarding media characters as being members of our social network, thus celebrities trigger the same gossip mechanisms that have evolved to keep up with the affairs of in-group members |
| What did DeBacker's surey of 800 participant show? | Concluded that media exposure would lead to the misperception that celebrities were actually part of the social network, thus explaining the interest in celebrity gossip |
| what is neophilia? | A love of novelty and creativity |
| How did Miller explain the reason behind the highly valued characteristics of mate choice? | As in the EEA our ancestors would have had to amuse each other and neophilia would have lead to ever more creative displays from potential mates |
| What did Millar argue about celebrites and sexual selection? | although natural selection is about the developement of skills for survival, sexual selection prefers creativity and fantasty, celebrities represent fantasy so we are attracted to them becuase of their association |
| what did Shiraishi et al find? | That one form of the enzyme MAOA was signficantly associated with higher socres of novelty seeking. Suggesting that there may be a genetic origin for neophilia and our attraction to creative people |
| what does the social construction theory suggest? | That the media picks an individual that they want to promote and we are manipulated to become obessed with them, we cannot help it -links to hyperdermic model |
| what is the social identity theory? | Fanclubs and shared admiration for a celebrity contribute to our social identity, social groups and therefore ourselves (age bias) |
| What did Derrick et al find? | That those people with low self esteem thought their fav celeb was like their ideal selves, high self esteem though they were like their actual selves. After an essay about their celeb ppl with low self improved |
| who came up with the adsorption addiction model? | McCutcheon |
| what is the adsorption addiction model? | This is the idea that a comprimised identity structure in some individuals leads to a psychological absorption with celebrity in an attempt to establish an identity |
| What did Maltby et al find? | A relationship between female adolescents (14-16) and eating disorders, due to poor body image after having parasocial releationships with slim celebs. Not present in males or ealry adulthood |
| who investigated the link between parasocial relationships and anxious ambivalent attachment | Cole and Leets. Suggested that people with anxious ambivalent attachment uses parasocial relationship to satisfy their unrealisitc and often unmet relational needs. Avodiant attachmetns do not like initmate relationships (or paras.) |
| Give two real life examples of parasocial realtionships | Big brother - mainstream and 'raw' footage. Soaps - private scenes, we know all their secrets |
| who observed that media coverage has for many replaced that of ‘legitimate’ news | Cashmore |
| What are the benefits of parasocial realtionships? | -help provide models of behaviours e.g. generosiy. Perse and Rubin found that soap opera characters who we see often help to reduce uncertainty about social relationships |
| What was Horton and Wohl's defenition of parasocial relationships? | one in which an individual is attracted to another individual (usually a celebrity), but the target individual is usually unaware of the existence of the person who has created the relationship |
| who suggested that some people prefer parasocial relationships as there are less demands and less chance of rejection and criticism | Ashe and McCutcheon |
| What did Schippa's meta analysis of parasocial relationships find? | that people were more likely to form a relationships if the celebs are: attractive, similar, percieved as real or believable. And if the viewer was female or lonely, or had a high interal locus of control |
| what evulation point can be linked to Schippa's meta analysis? | It is commonly believed that parasocial relationships are formed on the basis of loneliness, however Schippa found that loneliness was only a factor in 2% of the studies |
| what did Sood and Rogers suggest? | That it was in fact those people who were socially active and motivated to take part in parasocial relationships |
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