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Flashcards by Laura McDaniel, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Chptr. 5: | Cohesion and development |
| Equifinality | In an open system, the potential to reach a given end state through any one of a number of means (identified by Ludwig von Bertalanffy) |
| Social cohesion | The attraction of members to one another and to the group as a whole |
| Task cohesion | A shared commitment among members to achieve a goal and the resulting capacity to perform successfully as a coordinated unit |
| Collective efficacy | The belief, shared among a substantial portion of the group members, that the group is capable of organizing and executing the actions required to attain the group's goals and successfully complete its tasks |
| Group potency | The level of the group's shared optimism regarding its collective capabilities |
| Collective cohesion | Members' identification with the group; unity based on shared identity and belonging |
| Identity fusion theory | A conceptual analysis that explains the extreme self-sacrifice (such as heroism in the face of danger and terrorism) that sometimes occurs when individual identity is fused with group identity |
| Emotional cohesion | The emotional intensity of the group and individuals when in the group |
| Relational cohesion theory | A conceptual analysis of cohesion that assumes members of groups develop stronger ties to groups that are perceived to be sources of positive feelings or emotions and weaker ties to those perceived to be sources of negative feelings or emotions |
| Mimicry | When two or more group members perform the same action, including imitation of emotional and nonverbal displays |
| Behavioral synchrony | The coordination of movement between group members |
| Structural cohesion | The unity of a group that derives from the group's structural integrity, including normative coherence, clarity of roles, and strength and density of relationships linking members |
| Open group | A group whose boundaries are so permeable that membership varies considerably as members enter and leave the group |
| Closed group | A group whose boundaries are closed and fixed; as a result, membership is relatively unvarying |
| Five-stage model of group development | A theoretical analysis of the regularities groups exhibit as they change over time that identifies 5 stages of development: orientation (forming), conflict (storming), structure (norming), performance (performing), and dissolution (adjourning) (identified and labeled by Bruce Tuckman) |
| Equilibrium model | A conceptual analysis of group development that assumes the focus of a group shifts back and forth between the group's tasks and the interpersonal relationships among group members (proposed by Robert Bales) |
| Punctuated equilibrium model | A group development theory that assumes groups change gradually over time but that the periods of slow growth are punctuated by brief periods of relatively rapid change |
| Polychronic cultures (P-time cultures) | Collectives whose members view time as a continuous progression from the past into the future and therefore prefer to work on multiple tasks at the same time, without concern for deadline or production pressures |
| Monochronic cultures (M-time cultures) | Collectives whose members view time as a discrete resource that is segmented into units (such as minutes and hours) and prefer to work on tasks in a logical, timely fashion completing one task before beginning another |
| Old sergeant syndrome | Symptoms of psychological disturbance, including depression, anxiety, and guilt, exhibited by noncommissioned officers in cohesive units that suffer heavy casualties. Strongly loyal to their unit and its members, these leaders feel so responsible for their unit's losses that they withdraw psychologically from the group |
| Cognitive dissonance | An adverse psychological state that occurs when an individual simultaneously holds two conflicting cognitions |
| Hazing | An initiation into a group that subjects the new member to mental or physical discomfort, harassment, embarrassment, ridicule, or humiliation |
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