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| Question | Answer |
| What year and month was Yalta? | February 1945 |
| What were the four big agreements at Yalta? | Germany to be split into 4 zones. Free elections in Eastern Europe. The UN to replace the LofN. Soviet 'sphere of influence'. |
| What was the mood at Yalta and why? (3 points) | Quite friendly - Roosevelt and Stalin got on, they were all open to negotiation, they were still in the war together. |
| What changed in between Yalta and Potsdam? (5 points) | Germany surrendered. Churchill was replaced with Attlee. Roosevelt died and Truman took over. The USSR expanded. The US tested an atomic bomb. |
| What year and month was Potsdam? | August 1945 |
| Why did Americans hate Communists and vise versa? | They had very different, conflicting ideologies. Communist world revolution was a threat to US democracy, US influence was a threat to Communism. |
| What did Truman and Stalin disagree on at Potsdam? | Whether to cripple Germany, how much reparations to take from Germany, Soviet policy in eastern Europe. |
| What was Stalin's policy in eastern Europe? (3 points) | His troops controlled countries liberated from the Nazi's. He set up a Communist government in Poland. He claimed it was all for self-defence. |
| When did the US and the USSR make their first A-bombs respectively? | US - 1945. USSR - 1949. |
| When did the US and the USSR develop their first H-bombs, respectively? | US - 1952. USSR - 1955. |
| What was Cominform? | Communist Information Bureau that ensured USSR kept control of the Communist states. |
| What was Comecon? | Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, set up 1949, to nationalise state industries and improve agriculture. |
| What country behind the Iron Curtain almost remained democratic and what happened? | In Feburary 1945, in Czechoslovakia, the Communist party seized control. |
| What country was the exception to Moscow control, who was their leader and what happened? | Yugoslavia was communist but more open to the West, it's leader Tito arguing with Stalin. Aid was cut off but Stalin didn't invade. |
| Why did the US and the USSR never fight? | They were scared of the devastating power of nuclear weapons. |
| What three (linked) policies did President Truman implement? | The Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, Containment. |
| What was The Marshall Plan and what event caused Congress to pass it? | $17 billion in aid to war damaged countries so they wouldn't go communist. Passed after Czechoslovakia was seized. |
| What was the Truman Doctrine? | The USA would send money, advisors, equipment and as a last resort troops to any nation threatened by a Communist takeover.The USA would send money, advisors, equipment and as a last resort troops to any nation threatened by a Communist takeover. |
| What happened in Greece, when, and what did the USA do? | In 1946 Civil war between monarchy and communists that GB could no longer support, USA supplied funded GB support. |
| How much money did the US send to Greece and Turkey? | $400 million in aid. |
| What did the Western powers do in their zones of Germany that caused the Berlin Blockade and when? (3 points) | In 1946 Bizonia was formed, a single government set up and in 1948 the currency was reformed. |
| Why did Stalin blockade Berlin? (3 points) | He saw the reformation of West Germany as provocative, he wanted to keep Germany weak, and he wanted to show authority. |
| How many tonnes of supplies were airlifted in per day? | By 1949 8000 tonnes were air lifted in. |
| How long did the Berlin Blockade last? | 10 months. |
| What was the effect of the Berlin Blockade? | Not much – neither side gained anything and it just made them more stubborn and resentful. |
| What was NATO and when was it formed? | North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, formed in 1949, an agreement that the West will fight together if one of them is attacked. |
| When did Bizonia become West Germany and what was East Germany formally called? | 1949, and East Germany was the German Democratic Republic. |
| When did North Korea attack South Korea and why? (2 points) | In 1950 North Korea wanted to unite the country again and make the South communist. |
| Why did the US convince the UN to attack North Korea? (2 points) | They were worried about Communism in Asia and were exercising containment. |
| Who was the commander of the US troops in Korea, 1950? | General MacArthur, an American. |
| Why did China join the Korean war? | The USA tried to drive Communism from North Korea too, and neared the River Yalu, the border. |
| When did Truman call a ceasefire in Korea and why? | In 1951 talks began, and a ceasefire was organised in 1953. Continuing the war could have involved the USSR and a world war, which was too dangerous. |
| When did Stalin die? | 1953 |
| Who took over from Stalin and what effect did this have? | Khrushchev caused a thaw in international relations by his policy of ‘peaceful coexistence’. |
| What did Khrushchev do to promote peace? (3 points) | He agreed to the Austrian State Treaty in 1955 and met Eisenhower in the same year at the Geneva Summit. He freed prisoners and reduced censorship. |
| Who was the new US president and when were they elected? | Eisenhower was elected in 1952. |
| What was SEATO and CENTO and when were they formed? | The South-East Asia Treaty Organisation was formed in 1954 and The Central Treaty Organisation was formed in 1955. |
| What was the Warsaw Pact and when was it set up? | A military pact between the USSR and its satellite states, set up in 1955. |
| Why was the Warsaw Pact set up? | It was a response to NATO. |
| Who was Nagy, when did he come to power and why? | Nagy was the liberal Communist Hungarian Prime Minster who came to power in 1956, after Rákosi was thrown out. |
| What did Nagy do that caused the Hungarian Uprising and when? | At the end of October/start of November 1956 Nagy announced that Hungary was leaving the Warsaw pact. |
| What country was Nagy trying to mimic? | Austria, which had become neutral in 1955. |
| What was the Soviet response and when did it occur? | Dawn of the 4th of November 1956 Soviet tanks invaded Hungary. |
| What happened when the tanks rolled in? (3 points) | Over 20,000 Hungarians were killed, Nagy was arrested, and Kadar was made PM. |
| Why didn’t the US do anything? (2 points) | The draft UN resolution was vetoed by the USSR and the US couldn’t risk nuclear war. |
| What did the Hungarian Uprising show? | That despite the thaw in Khrushchev’s policies, he could still be harsh. |
| What is an ICBM? | An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. |
| What country first test fired an ICBM and when did they do this? | The USSR in 1957. |
| What did the US call their first ICBM and when did they launch it? | Atlas ICBM was launched in 1957. |
| What country had the first submarine-launched ICBM, what was it called and when did they do this? | In 1960 the US launched the Polaris missile. |
| In 1961 how many ICBM’s did the US have, and in 1967 how many ICBM’s did they have? | In 1961 they had 200, by 1967 they had 1000. |
| When and why did the USSR catch up? | 1967 onwards the US was preoccupied by the Vietnam war. |
| Who got the first man in space, when and who was he? | The USSR sent Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961. |
| What was the US’s space program called? | The Apollo program. |
| Who got the first man on the moon, when and who was he? | The US sent Neil Armstrong to the moon in 1969. |
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