460387
Description
Flashcards by Morgan Morgan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Morgan Morgan
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 2 basic types of muscle? | Striated and smooth |
| 2 types of striated muscle are? | cardiac and skeletal |
| The organisation of muscle is | hierarchical |
| A muscle cell is called a | myofibril |
| Myofibril is composed of what two types of filaments? | Thick and thin |
| The thick filament is composed of | myosin |
| The thin filament is composed of | actin. |
| The myosin binding site is covered by | tropomyosin. |
| A sarcomere is a basic unit of | muscle. |
| In a contracted muscle the .......shortens | sarcomere |
| The shortening has occurred by the ....and....sliding past each other. | actin and myosin. |
| How does this sliding occur? | There is an interaction between the myosin and the actin fillaments. |
| The interation is due to the ........heads. | myosin |
| The cross bridge cycle is when the ? | Myosin heads attach rotate detach |
| Which steps of the cross bridge cycle require ATP? | Cross bridge detachment and reattachment. |
| In rigor mortis there is no....available. | ATP |
| The crossbridge cycle causes actin and myosin to slide past each other. This is known as the ......................of muscle contraction | sliding filament theory |
| Which two proteins regulate the sliding filament processes? | Troponin Tropomyosin |
| In order to regulate the sliding filament processes, these proteins require the presence of ? | calcium ions |
| Calcium ions are released from the intracellular stores within the? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Muscle contraction is regulated by ? | Ca2+, troponin, tropomyosin. |
| What type of tubules run from the muscle fibre surface to the deeper portions of the muscle fibre? | Transverse |
| A single contraction is known as a | muscle twitch |
| A muscle twitch lasts about | 50-100 milliseconds. |
| Tetanic contractions? | Increased frequency of stimulation produces higher levels of muscle tension (force). At increased frequencies, tetanus becomes more fused. |
| The length of the muscle fibres is also important. This is known as the ..... | Length-tension relationship. |
| Two much overlap of the sarcomeres results in .....force generated. | less |
| Optimum overlap of the sarcomeres results in .....force generation. | good |
| Less overlap of the sarcomeres results in .....force generation. | less |
| Which type of muscle is multinucleated? | Skeletal |
| Which type of muscle has irregular, branched shaped muscle cells? | cardiac |
| Which type of muscle cell is non-striated? | smooth |
| Which type of muscle cells contract under voluntary control? | Skeletal |
| Which types of muscle contract under involuntary control? | cardiac and smooth |
| Which muscle cells are autorhythmic? | cardiac |
| Which muscle cells are found in the walls of hollow organs? | smooth |
| Which muscle cells are elongated, cylindrical cells? | skeletal |
| Which muscle type has adjacent cells which are joined by intercalated discs? | cardiac |
| The functional unit of contraction is called the | sarcomere. |
| Muscle contraction steps. | Nerve impulse results in a release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This binds to the receptors resulting in a muscle action potential. Which travels down the transverse tubule to sarcoplasmic reticulum. This results in the release of calcium ions which bind to troponin, which then exposes the binding sites for myosin. Myosin heads then bind to actin using ATP. They swivel and release. The thin filament is then pulled towards the centre of the sarcomere. |
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