3985469
Description
Flashcards by kylie-jamieson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kylie-jamieson
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The sound patterns of a particular language and the rules for combining them. | phonology |
| A particular language’s system of meaning and the rules for conveying meaning. | semantics |
| The rules for forming sentences in a particular language. | syntax |
| The period before a child speaks his or her first words. | prelinguistic stage |
| Making repetitive vowel sounds, particularly the uuu sound; the behavior develops early in the prelinguistic period, when babies are between about 1 and 4 months of age. | cooing |
| The repetitive vocalizing of consonant-vowel combinations by an infant, typically beginning at about 6 months of age. | babbling |
| Sounds, signs, or symbols used to communicate meaning. | expressive language |
| Comprehension of spoken language. | receptive language |
| The use of words to apply only to specific objects, such as a child’s use of the word cup to refer only to one particular cup. | underextension |
| The inappropriate use of a word to designate an entire category of objects, such as when a child uses the word kitty to refer to all animate objects. | overextension |
| The ability to categorically link new words to real-world referents. | fast-mapping |
| As used in discussions of language development, an assumption that is presumed to be built-in or learned early (a ‘default option’) by which a child figures out what words refer to. | contraints |
| The assumption that every word has a different meaning, which leads a child to assume that two or more different words refer to different objects. | principle of contrast |
| A combination of a gesture and a single word that conveys more meaning than just the word alone; often seen and heard in children between 12 and 18 months old. | holophrases |
| Term used by Roger Brown to describe the earliest sentences created by most children, which sound a bit like telegrams because they include key nouns and verbs but generally omit all other words and grammatical inflections. | telegraphic speech |
| Young children’s applications of basic rules to irregular words. | overregularization |
| The rules for the use of language in communicative interaction, such as the rules for taking turns and the style of speech that is appropriate for different listeners. | pragmatics |
| The simplified, higher-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children. | infant-direction speech (IDS) |
| The average number of meaningful units in a sentence. Each basic word is one meaningful unit, as is each inflection. | mean length of utterance (MLU) |
| Understanding of the rules governing the sounds of a language as well as knowledge of the connection between sounds and the way they are represented in written language. | phonological awareness |
| A strategy young children with good phonological awareness skills use when they write. | invented spelling |
| Planned, specific instruction in sound-letter correspondences. | systematic and explicit phonics |
| An approach to reading instruction that places more emphasis on the meaning of written language than on its structure. | whole language approach |
| School children who do not speak English well enough to function in English-only classes. | English-language learners (ELLs) |
| As practiced in the United States, a school program for students who are not proficient in English in which instruction in basic subject matter is given in the children’s native language during the first 2 or 3 years of schooling, with a gradual transition to full English instruction over several years. | bilingual education |
| An alternative to traditional bilingual education used in classrooms in which all children speak the same non-English native language. All basic instruction is in English, paced so that the children can comprehend, with the teacher translating only when absolutely necessary. | structured immersion |
| An alternative to bilingual education; children who are not proficient in English attend academic classes taught entirely in English but then spend several hours in a separate class to receive English language instruction. | English-as-a-second-language (ESL) |
| An approach to education of non-English–speaking students in which they are assigned to a classroom where instruction is given in English and are given no supplemental language assistance; also known as the ‘sink or swim’ approach. | submersion |
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