39784766
Description
Flashcards by Darcey Griffiths, updated 3 months ago
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Created by Darcey Griffiths
3 months ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Booker T Washington- who was he | Born into slavery in Virginia- Principal of one of the leading African American colleges at Tuskegee Alabama |
| Booker T Washington- motivations | Concentration on economic progress for African Americans rather than social and political equality- saw those 2 as long term goal- wanted education with focus on practical skills would help gain status/ earn respect from white Americans- persuade them to grant concessions |
| Booker T Washington- protest methods | Labeled accommodationist- accept white supremacy until African Americans advanced economically/ socially |
| Booker T Washington- effectiveness | - leading spokesman for African Americans- frequently consulted with presidents/ politicians- secured northern white investment into African American education- no. African Americans in teaching went from 68,356 to 136,925 1910-1930 |
| Booker T Washington- effectiveness- more | Fought legal action against an attempt to exclude African Americans from jury services- 1904 Also secretly supported court actions to challenge disenfranchisement of African Americans- wasn't always compliant and passive But economic advance of African Americans by his death in 1915 was meagre- his school also only taught carpentry and farming |
| W.E.B Du Bois- who were they | Massachusetts born academic- graduated from Frisk university in 1885- spent 2 years in Berlin and returned to Harvard- professor at Atlanta |
| W.E.B Du Bois- Motivations | Believed African Americans should not take menial work- campaign for political/social rights |
| W.E.B Du Bois-Methods of protest | Wrote a book in 1903- The Souls of Black Folk- demanded civil rights, end to segregation, equality in politics and society- later edited NAACP's magazine Formed educated elite of African Americans- 'The talented tenth' - to lead fight for equality Formed Niagara movement in 1905- formed NAACP |
| W.E.B Du Bois- Effectiveness | professor- challenging stereotypes wanted to not comply- fight for social/ political rights Helped form NAACP- formed in 1909- outlasted Du Bois Wrote books- challenged stereotypes |
| Ida Wells- who were they | Born into slavery in 1862 Friend Tom Moss was lynched- had opened peoples grocery in Memphis- supposedly took business from white owners- shoot out in store- Moss and Partners dragged to city jail and lynched |
| Ida Wells- Motivations | Her experiences with racial injustice fueled her passion for investigative journalism. Wells co-owned and wrote for the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight newspaper, where she began her anti-lynching crusade. |
| Ida Wells- methods of protest | Wrote book abt horrors of lynching- campaigned in courts against railroad car segregation in Tennessee 1884-1887 1898- wrote to president McKinley- demanded gov intervention in southern states to stop lynching- published 1901 |
| Ida Wells Effectiveness | While unsuccessful in campaign against railroad car segregation- attracted national attention by writing about lynching horrors Wrote to President- highly influential for revealing scale of lynching and reasons for it |
| Ida Wells Effectiveness more | But... campaigning made her a target for reprisals forced to abandon home in Memphis- move to Chicago in 1882 Neither Supreme Court nor Federal gov was persuaded to take action - argued it was for local states to deal with |
| NAACP- who were they | Race riots happened in 1908 Illinois- 2 African Americans lynched, 6 others murdered, 4 whites killed, hundreds injured- Springfield was Lincolns old home- inspired white call for conference on centenary of Lincolns birth to campaign for civil rights- out came the NAACP |
| NAACP aims | abolish segregation campaign for equal voting rights campaign for improved educational facilities Enforce 14th and 15th ammendments |
| NAACP methods of protest | WEB Du Bois became editor of NAACP's magazine crisis- Ida Wells was supporter Organisation emphasised importance of court action to achieve civil rights for African Americans marches- helped organise march on Washington Main method of protest- using the courts |
| NAACP effectiveness | NAACP- won belated but important victories in 1915 when supreme court declared grandfather clauses in Oklahoma and Maryland unconstitutional and in 1917 when Louisville regulation allowing residential segregation was declared invalid |
| NAACP effectiveness- more | NAACP developed into national organization with 90,000 members in 1920s helped march on Washington and influenced changes to constitution but... Achievements were limited until it had larger leadership |
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