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Description
Flashcards by KENNEDY GROW, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by KENNEDY GROW
about 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Learning | The process of gaining, through experience, relatively permanent information and behaviors |
| What are 3 ways in which learning can occur? | Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning |
| Classical Conditioning | A type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response (involuntary) |
| Stimulus | Anything in the environment that one can respond to |
| Response | any behavior or reaction |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) | A stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically |
| Unconditioned Response (UR) | An automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | A previously neutral stimulus that, through learning, gains the power to cause a response |
| Aquisition | The process of developing a learned response |
| Extinction | the diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone |
| Ivan Pavlov | Russian physiologist and learning theorist famous for the discovery of classical conditioning Experimented on dogs; dogs would salivate at the sight and sound of anything associated with food |
| Generalization | Producing the same response to two similar stimuli The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response |
| Discrimination | the ability to distinguish between two signals or stimuli and produce different responses |
| behaviorism | the theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes |
| John Watson | the founder of behaviorism, the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes |
| Little Albert Experiment | 11-month old infant; Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned him to be frightened of white rats |
| Robert Rescorla | Developed, alone with colleague Allan Wagner, a theory that emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning |
| Taste Aversion | John Garcia, Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid specific tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea Biologically predisposed to conditioning |
| Operant Conditioning | A type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior |
| Operant Conditioning | Will increase if the consequence is reinforcing to the subject |
| Operant Conditioning | Will decrease if the consequence is not reinforcing to the subject |
| Edward Thorndike | Author of the law of effect, the principle that forms the basis of operant conditioning |
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