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| Question | Answer |
| CHAPTER 1 | CHAPTER 1 |
| Feedback systems maintain homeostasis Negative Feedback systems () effects of changes in homeostasis. Works like a household (). Reduces () or shuts off original stimulus. Negative Feedback ex: Body temp, () rate, () levels. Positive Feedback systems. Less common than negative. They increase or () the original stimulus. Two examples are: Blood () and Baby passing through the cervix which causes contractions to () | counteract,thermostat,intensity,hear,glucose,accelerate,clotting,intensify |
| Homeostasis(to stay the same)- The ability to maintain a stable () despite changes in the () environment. It is critical for a normal body (). Homeostatic imbalance increase as you get older. | environment,external,functioning |
| CHAPTER 3 | CHAPTER 3 |
| Passive transport is when () ATP is required. Diffusion(passive) (simple diffsion) Is the movements of molecules from high concentration to () concentration. (Down the concentration () ) Speed in influenced by temp and particle size. Higher temp = () diffusion. Smaller particles = () diffusion. Examples: Oxygen and CO (). Facilitated Diffusion(passive) is the same thing but the molecules need carrier proteins or () proteins. Particles are either too large to pass through the ()- layer or they are charged and repelled. The rate of diffusion is limited by number of carries/(). () Channels are channels that are open all the time. Channels that are controlled by chemical signals are () channels. | no,low,gradient,faster,faster,2(CO2), channel,bi,channels,Leakage,gated |
| Osmosis(passive)- Diffusion of water through a selectivly preamble membrane. Water moves very () through lipid bi-layers. The water concentration is determined by () concentration. Water () and () the cell during osmosis. Changes in volume disrupt cell () | freely,solute,leaves,enters,function |
| Tonicity is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or (). Isotonic Solution: Solution with () solute concentration as cytoplasm. Cells in this concentration maintain the same (). Human extracellular fluid is isotonic. | swell,same,volume |
| Hypertonic Solution - Solution with greater solute concentration than cytoplasm - Cells in these solutions lose ()& shrink () - Dehydration leads | water,crenate |
| () - Solution with lower solute concentration than cytoplasm - Cells in these solutions gain () & can burst (“) | hypotonic,water,burst |
| Active transport is when ATP is required. They need special carrier (). Vesicular transport - Requires ATP - Cell uses () (hollow capsules) to move large substances in/out - Also called “()” transport | proteins,vesicles,bulk |
| Endocytosis: bulk transport of substances () the cell 2 Types: 1) () - Using pseudopods to engulf solids - “Eating” - Macrophages, white blood cells 2) Pinocytosis - Membrane infolds, bringing in extracellular fluid - “drinking” - () absorption in small intest. | into,phagocytosis,nutrient |
| Exocytosis: bulk transport of substances OUT of the cell Examples: 1) Hormone() 2) Neurotransmitter release 3) Mucus secretion | secretion |
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