3401197
Description
Flashcards by msandovalbarrios, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by msandovalbarrios
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Mesopotamia | "land between the rivers" located in the region known as the Fertile Crescent. present day Iraq & Syria. |
| Sumerians | The Creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization. |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many Gods. "gods and goddesses" Ancient Sumerians believed in over 3,000 gods. |
| Ziggurats | This temple was often built atop a massive stepped tower. The massive platform that the Sumerians built their religious temples on. |
| Theocracy | A government by divine authority. |
| Cuneiform | "wedge-shaped," a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet. |
| Hammurabi's Law Code | 1st written laws; given to people of Ancient Babylon by King Hammurabi; very strict laws based on principle of an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. |
| Patriarchal | "Men dominated the society" |
| Nile River | Begins in the heart of Africa and courses northward for more than 4,000 miles (6,436 km). It is the longest river in the world. |
| Inundation | "annual flooding of the Nile River" The flood river leave behind rich fertile mud. |
| Cataracts | "waterfalls along the Nile River" |
| King Menes | Egypt's history begins around 3100 B.C, when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty. |
| Dynasty | Is a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family. Means "great house of"; a family of rulers |
| Pharoah | name for Egyptian king |
| Vizier | "The steward of the whole land" |
| Silt | Rich, black mud left behind from the flooding of the yearly flood.(Nile River) |
| Mummification | it was very important to ancient Egyptian religious beliefs that the human body was preserved. their method of preserving the body was called mummification. the process lasted up to 70 days. |
| "Ba" | Ba- the Ba was the part of the soul that embarked on a journey to follow the gods; the symbol of the Ba is often shown as a bird with a human head and wings. |
| Canopic Jars | containers used to hold the internal organs (lungs, stomach, intestines, liver) of the deceased that was going to be mummified; the jars had lids shaped as the heads of the 4 sons of Horus. |
| Great Pyramid | largest of the 3 pyramids at Giza; built by King Khufu; the only monument of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World to survive |
| King Khufu aka Cheops | earned everlasting fame for being the pharaoh responsible for the Great Pyramid at Giza which he built to serve as his tomb. |
| Great Sphinx | one of the largest and oldest statues in the world. Archaeologists believe that it was carved around 2500 BC and that the head is meant to be the likeness of the Pharaoh Khafra. |
| Old Kingdom | lasted from around 2700 BC to 2200 BC was an age of prosperity and splendor. |
| Middle Kingdom | a period of stability lasting from about 2055 BC to 1650 BC Egyptians later portrayed the Middle Kingdom as a golden age of stability. |
| New Kingdom | was established and lasted approximately from 1550 BC to 1070 BC. Created an empire and became the most powerful state in Southwest Asia. |
| Queen Hatshepsut | first great woman ruler in history; she ruled Egypt as king not queen. Sculptures and masks show her with a false beard. |
| Tutankhameh ( aka King Tut ) | 17 year old boy pharaoh whose tomb survived untouched by grave robbers; more than 3,000 artifacts discovered in his tomb. |
| Ramses II ( The Great ) | Ramses the Great reigned 67 years; fathered over 100 children; defeated the Hittites, the other superpower of ancient times; he declared himself a living god. |
| Cleopatra VII | in the first century BC, the pharaoh Cleopatra VII tried to reestablish Egypt's independence. Her involvement with Rome led to her defeat and suicide, and Egypt became a province in Rome's empire. |
| Scribe | a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of printing. a public clerk or writer, usually one having official status. Also called sopher, sofer |
| Hieroglyphics | Egyptian picture wriiting |
| Fertile Crescent | the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape; Known as the Cradle of Civilization |
| "Ka" | Ka- ancient Egyptians thought that when someone died the Ka, or the life force, left the physical body; The Ka could drink and eat, but was stuck in the tomb in the body of the mummy or the small statues that were left in the tomb. |
| Sarcophagus | a sarcophagus formed the outer layer of protection for a royal mummy, with several layers of coffins nested within, and was often carved out of alabaster. |
| king Khufu's boat | discovered in 1952 buried under the Great Pyramid; it would be needed to ferry King Khufu's spirit across the sky to be with Ra, the sun god. |
| the Rosetta Stone | a stone with writing on it in two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using three scripts ( hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek). |
| Hyksos | invaded Egypt; a ruled for 200 years; introduced the horse drawn chariot |
| Akhenaten (aka Amenhotep) | rejected the traditional religion in favor of worshiping the Aten, or sun disc, after whom he renamed himself. He closed all the temples to the old gods and obliterated their names from monuments. |
| papyrus | reed like plant that grows on the Nile River Ancient Egyptians used to write on |
| Cultural diffusion | the spreading of ideas from one culture to another culture |
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