2375546
Description
Flashcards by Clare Magor, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Clare Magor
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Fetch | The distance of open water over which the wind can blow |
| Beach | A deposit of sand or shingle at the coast, often found at the head of the bay |
| Crest | The top of a wave |
| Swash | The forward movement of a wave up a beach |
| Backwash | The backward movement of water down a beach when a wave is broken |
| Constructive wave | A powerful wave with a strong swash that surges up a beach |
| Destructive wave | A wave formed by a local storm that crashes down onto a beach and has a powerful backwash |
| Rockfall | The collapse of a cliff face or the fall of individual rocks from a cliff |
| Hydraulic power | The sheer power of waves |
| Corrasion | The effect of rocks being flung at the cliff by powerful waves |
| Solution | The dissolving of rocks, such as limestone and chalk |
| Attrition | The knocking together of pebbles, making them gradually smaller and smoother |
| Traction | Heavy particles rolled along the seabed |
| Solution | The transport of dissolved chemicals |
| Saltation | A hopping movement of pebbles along the seabed |
| Suspension | Lighter particles carried (suspended) within the water |
| Longshore drift | The transport of sediment along a stretch of coastline caused by waves approaching the beach at an angle |
| Headland | A promontory of land jutting out into the sea |
| Bay | A broad coastal inlet often with a beach |
| Wave-cut platform | A wide, gently sloping rocky surface at the foot a cliff |
| Wave-cut notch | A small indentation (or notch) cut into a cliff roughly at the level of high tide caused by concentrated marine erosion at this level |
| Cave | A hollowed-out feature at the base of an eroding cliff |
| Arch | A headland that has been partly broken through by the sea to form a thin-roofed arch |
| Stack | An isolated pinnacle of rock sticking out of the sea |
| Spit | A finger of new land made of sand or shingle, jutting out into the sea from the coast |
| Salt marsh | Low-lying coastal wetland mostly extending between high and low tide |
| Bar | A spit that has grown across a bay |
| Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) | An integrated coastal management plan for a stretch of coastline in England and Wales |
| Hard engineering | Building artificial structures such as sea walls aimed at controlling natural processes |
| Soft engineering | A sustainable approach to managing the coast without using artificial structures |
| Managed retreat | Allowing controlled flooding of low-lying coastal areas or cliff collapse in areas where the value of the land is low |
| Pioneer plant | The first plant species to colonise an area that is well adapted to living in a harsh environment |
| Vegetation succession | A sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment |
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