Let's Learn Agars

Indole: Substrate: [blank_start]Trypotophan[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Typtophanase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Kovac's[blank_end] Positive Reaction: [blank_start]Pink ring[blank_end], Negative Reaction: [blank_start]Yellow Ring[blank_end] End Product: Indole

Methyl Red Substrate: [blank_start]Glucose[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Fermentation[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Methyl Red[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Red[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] End Product: Mixed Acids

Voges-Proskauer Substrate: [blank_start]Glucose[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Fermentation[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Alpha Naptol & KOH[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Red[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]No Color Change[blank_end] End-Product: Acetoin

Citrate Substrate: [blank_start]Sodium Citrate[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Citrate Permease[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Bronthymol Blue[blank_end] Postive: [blank_start]Blue[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Green[blank_end] End Product: Sodium Carbonate

Decarboxylation Substrate: [blank_start]Amino Acid[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Amino Acid Decarboxylase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Bromocresol Purple[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Purple[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] End Product: Primary amine for amino acid

Deamination Phenylalanine or TDA Substrate: [blank_start]Phenylalanine[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Phenylalanine Deaminase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Ferric Chloride[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Green[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] (Hint: color of the slant) End Product: Phenyl Pyruvic Acid

Gelatin Substrate: [blank_start]Gelatin[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Gelatinase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]None[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Liquid[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Solid[blank_end] End Product: Liquid or Solid

ONPG Substrate: [blank_start]ONPG[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Beta Galactosidase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Chromogenic Compound[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Clear[blank_end] End Product: Ortho Nitrophenol

Nitrate Substrate: [blank_start]Nitrate[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Nitrate & or Nitrite redcutase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Sulfanilic Acid[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Red[blank_end] after reagent, colorless after zinc, Negative: Colorless after reagents, Red after zinc End Product: N/A

Lysine Iron Agar Substrate: [blank_start]Glucose & Lysine[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Deaminase &/or Decarboxylase[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Bromocresol Purple[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Alkaline[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Acid[blank_end] (and black is H2S) End Product: Ferric Ammonium Citrate

Motility (Semi-Solid) Substrate: [blank_start]Semi-solid agar[blank_end], Enzyme:[blank_start]No enzyme[blank_end] , Detection Reagent: [blank_start]TTC[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Motile[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Non-Motile[blank_end] End Product: Examine growth closely

Urea Substrate: [blank_start]Urea[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]Urease[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Phenol Red[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Pink[blank_end], Negative: [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] (Hint: Sometimes only slant changes color) End Product: H2O + CO2

Carbohydrate Fermentation Substrate: [blank_start]Individual Carbohydrate & pepton[blank_end], Enzyme: [blank_start]No enzyme[blank_end], Detection Reagent: [blank_start]Different Ph Indicators[blank_end] Positive: [blank_start]Color changes with indicator[blank_end], Negative: Same End Product: Acid &/or Gas

For TSI/KIA K/A indicated that [blank_start]only glucose[blank_end] has been fermented Gas [blank_start]has not[blank_end] been fermented

For TSI/ KIA K/(A) or K/Ag [blank_start]only glucose[blank_end] has been fermented [blank_start]With[blank_end] gas production

For TSI/ KIA K/(A)h2sor K/Ag+++ [blank_start]Only glucose[blank_end] has been fermented [blank_start]With[blank_end] gas production [blank_start]With[blank_end] H2s Production

For TSI/KIA K/Ah2s or K/A [blank_start]only glucose[blank_end] has been fermented [blank_start]No[blank_end] gas production [blank_start]With[blank_end] H2s production

For TSI/KIA A/(A) or A/Ag [blank_start]Both glucose and lactose[blank_end](possibly sucrose) has been fermented [blank_start]With[blank_end] gas production [blank_start]No[blank_end] H2S Production

For TSI/KIA A/(A)h2s or A/Ag+++ [blank_start]Both glucose and lactose[blank_end] has been fermented [blank_start]With[blank_end] gas production [blank_start]With[blank_end] H2S production

For TSI/KIA K/K [blank_start]No sugar[blank_end] has been fermented [blank_start]No[blank_end] gas production [blank_start]No[blank_end] H2s production