Microbiology part 1

Describe the structure of bacteria, fungi and viruses
1. Generalised Bacteria
  1. 1. Nuclear Material carries bacterium genetic code
    2. Flagellum helps bacteria to move
    3. Cell Wall mantains the bacterium cell shape
    4. Cell membrane controls entry and exit of materials
2. Generalised fungi
  1. 1. Reproduction hyphae: digest and absorb surrounding material/mode of vegatative growth
    2. Spores: Unit of asexual reproduction
    3. sporagium: In which spores are formed
    4. food source
3. Generalised virus
  1. 1. protein coat
      1. Shields the DNA from immune system
    2. nuclear material
      1. contains DNA and used to reproduce
    3. attachment sile
Describe the feeding of bacteria, fungi and viruses
1. bacteria
  1. they can eat:
    1. sugar
    2. starch
    3. sunlight
    4. sulfur
    5. iron
  2. some are photosynthetic
    1. make their own food from sunlight
  3. Extra Cellular Digestion
    1. 1. Bacterium lands on the food
    2. 2. Bacterium releases Digestive Enzymes
    3. Enzymes break the food into small molecules
2. fungi
  1. via extra cellular digestion
    1. 1. Digestive Enzymes released onto food
    2. 2. Enzymes break apart food into smaller components
      1. protein
      2. fats
      3. carbohydrates
    3. 3. Small nutrients molecules are absorbed back into fungi
    4. 4. provide energy via respiration
3. viruses
  1. Viruses do not feed
Describe the reproduction of bacteria, fungi and viruses
1. Bacteria
  1. Binary Fission
    1. 1. Bacteria replicates it's DNA via Mitosis
      1. Parent cell copies it's DNA and creates another copy
        Cell splits and two daughter cells are formed
    2. 2. The Cell Membrane pushes inwards to make two cells
    3. 3. Two Identical Bacteria are formed
2. Fungi
  1. Yeast- Simple Budding
    1. Asexual Reproduction
    2. 1. outgrowth due to repeated cell division
      1. 2. Buds grow in tiny particles
        3. Once Mature splits from parent and becomes an individual body
  2. 1. Sporangium full of spores
    1. 2. Spores burst out of sporangium
      1. 3. Carried by Wind
        4. Hyphae sprouts from spores
        5. Sporangium begins to grow out of hyphae
        6. Spores develop in sporangium- cycle repeats
3. Viruses
  1. Lytic
    1. 1. The virus attaches to bacteria (host)
      1. 2. The virus inserts it DNA into the bacteria
        3.The virus takes over cell machinery
        4. The virus reproduces itself and self assembles The host cell is destroyed
        copied from biology.kenyon.edu
  2. Lysogenic
    1. absence of pathology
    2. within particular circumstances lifestyle capable of swapping to lytic
    3. virus- this stage harsh conditions
    4. prophage
    5. 1. The virus binds to bacteria (host)
      1. 2. The virus inserts its bacteria into the bacteria
        3. The viral DNA gets incorporated into the cell's chromosomes
        4. Viral DNA is replicate along with Chromosome material
        copied from biology,kenyon,edu
Describe microbes that are helpful and harmful
1. Fungi
  1. Helpful
    1. Antibiotics e.g Pencillin
      1. Food e.g mushrooms, truffles
        Bread Production - Yeast
        Alcohol Production- fermentation
        Used in cheese- moulds
        Decomposer- help break down rubbish
  2. Harmful
    1. infections e.g athletes foot, ring worm, thrush
      1. Damage food crops e.g potato blight
        Turn food bag e.g mould
        Can be poisonous to eat e.g moulds
2. Bacteria
  1. harmful
    1. feed on our food - expires
      1. feed on dead plant and animal- saprophytes
    2. parasites- reside on living organisms
      1. some release toxins
        toxins makes them pathogens
        bacteria that can cause diseases
        SARS
        Syphilis
        Typhoid Fever
        Cholera
  2. helpful
    1. Recycling of nutrients
    2. treatment of sewage
    3. digestion of cellulose
    4. production of cheese and yoghurt
3. Viruses
  1. helpful
    1. cowpox
      1. immune to small pox
  2. vaccinia Virus- 1796
    1. Dr Edward Jenners invents vaccination
List some diseases caused be microbes
1. Bacteria
  1. Sars
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Syphilis
  4. Typhoid Fever
  5. Cholera
  6. Scarlet Fever
  7. Anthrax
  8. Plague
  9. Tetanus
  10. 138 Bacterial Diseases
2. Virus
  1. Leprosy
  2. cold sore
  3. HIV
  4. Influenza
  5. Chickenpox
  6. small pox
  7. Ebola
  8. Measles
  9. Rabies
3. Fungi
  1. Aspergellosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Candidiasis
  4. Histoplasmosis
  5. Ringworm
  6. Murcomycosis

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Microbiology part 1

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	Created by Lavinia Hayde about 10 years ago