Changing Health Behaviour Exam - Enactive Mastery Test

Which 3 of the following are methods we learned to influence attitude?

Which 3 of the following are methods we learned to influence risk perception?

Which 3 of the following are methods we learned to influence social influence and self-efficacy?

Which 3 of the following are methods we learned to influence bad habits and the intention-behaviour gap?

From which 2 theories is enactive mastery derived? S[blank_start]ocial cognitiv[blank_end]e theory and S[blank_start]elf-efficac[blank_end]y theory

Central elements of enactive mastery 1. Enactive mastery is a method that can be described as ‘[blank_start]learning by doing[blank_end]’. When a person learns to ‘master’ a certain task by performing it and achieve success. When a person succeeds, the person build a belief in their own [blank_start]efficacy[blank_end]. Failure can do the opposite and can undermine it. (Bandura, 1997) Example: When you were little you were learned how to tie your shoes, by doing it. After you ‘master’ this task, you believe that you can tie your shoes yourself.

Central elements of enactive mastery 2. Pre-existing [blank_start]self-knowledge[blank_end] (ideas people have about themselves) - can bias processing of SE information. ƒ If someone has pre-existing beliefs about their own self-efficacy or capability, it’s [blank_start]difficult[blank_end] to challenge these beliefs. ƒ If someone has [blank_start]experience with[blank_end] the behaviour, it is more difficult to challenge existing beliefs about self-efficacy.

Central elements enactive mastery Repeated failure will ----------- SE.

Central elements - enactive mastery Task [blank_start]difficulty[blank_end] ƒ Easy tasks: if too easy, people think they can do anything, but then they can’t handle it when something turns out to be challenging - they don’t know how to manage that - so easy tasks have [blank_start]no effect[blank_end] on self-efficacy beliefs. ƒ Difficult tasks: will affect self-efficacy beliefs, if you fail sometimes in difficult situations, you learn even more from it. FOR INTERVENTIONS TASK SHOULD [blank_start]NOT BE TOO EASY,[blank_end] BUT SHOULD BE A BIT CHALLENGING.

Selecting enactive mastery over alternative methods Enactive mastery is more influential because it produces stronger and more generalized [blank_start]efficacy[blank_end] beliefs than only using the method [blank_start]vicarious[blank_end] experiences (experience by watching, hearing or reading someone else doing a task/behaviour), cognitive simulations ( or verbal instruction (getting instruction by a tutorial for instance). ([blank_start]Bandura[blank_end] 1997)

Enactive mastery is not relevant for this target group because they are incapable of self-appraisal

Enactive mastery - which of the following are parameters for use?

Choose 3 factors which contribute to self-efficacy formation through enactive mastery

Enactive mastery Mastering a task which is far from where the target group is right now is really challenging - a complex set of behaviours that make up the target behaviour. Important to [blank_start]break it down into smaller elements.[blank_end] Using graded tasks = small steps, getting gradually more difficult - helps people [blank_start]avoid failure[blank_end] and helps people [blank_start]learn as they go along[blank_end].

Interventions should aim to demand an intermediate level of effort expenditure when using enactive mastery. Why?

[blank_start]Enactive mastery[blank_end] is a source of self-efficacy (learning by doing it yourself). You get experience of successes in performing a specific behaviour - see that you’re capable of doing it. Having experience of performing a behaviour tells you how well you’re doing, and then you think you can do similar other tasks - can be translated to other [blank_start]comparable[blank_end] behaviours.

Central elements of enactive mastery CONTEXT - In [blank_start]adverse[blank_end] conditions, successes will help boost SE - failure will [blank_start]not reduce[blank_end] SE. e.g. I still trained for the 10km even though I was really busy and stressed - I still did it!! But if I failed, I will blame the stressful situation - so I won’t feel like I failed.

Central elements of enactive mastery CONTEXT - [blank_start]Self-achieved[blank_end] success has more influence on [blank_start]efficacy[blank_end] beliefs than success achieved with help - IF PEOPLE CAN SEE, ‘HEY, I DID IT’ that’s more effective than saying, ‘WELL, I COULD ONLY DO THAT BECAUSE SOMEONE HELPED ME’. People should attribute success to [blank_start]themselves[blank_end].

According to the Social Cognitive Theory (from Bandura), we are not just influenced by our circumstances, but we contribute to them.

According to the [blank_start]Self-Efficacy Theory[blank_end], if I believe I can do something, then I am more motivated to do it, and I am more [blank_start]likely[blank_end] to do it, so self-efficacy functions as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Self-efficacy has influence over people's ability to [blank_start]learn[blank_end], their motivation and their [blank_start]performance[blank_end], as people will often attempt to learn and perform only those tasks for which they believe they will be successful.

Which 2 of the following are the main determinants of the intention to perform a behaviour?

Enactive Mastery Success can result in more [blank_start]perseverance[blank_end] in trying to accomplish the task – [blank_start]failure[blank_end] can undermine this.

Enactive mastery - Mastery expectations can transfer from one behaviour/task to another and result in [blank_start]more generalized[blank_end] self-efficacy beliefs.

Central elements of enactive mastery 3. [blank_start]Successes[blank_end] help in building self-efficacy, through cognitive processes and [blank_start]appraisal[blank_end]. Not ‘objective’ success, but [blank_start]perception[blank_end] of success is important.ƒ biases in your own personal appraisal, based on previous experience - if I think, “Oh, I tried that so many times, but I don’t think I can do it,” negative self-perception - I interpret all information about this behaviour through this self-perception. VERY DIFFICULT TO [blank_start]OVERCOME SELF-PERCEPTION[blank_end].