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physio cycle 2.2

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physio cycle 2
Elisabeth Haasen
Quiz by Elisabeth Haasen, updated more than 1 year ago
Elisabeth Haasen
Created by Elisabeth Haasen over 2 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
4. Tapping of patellar elicits reflex contraction of quadriceps muscle, Which of following precedes contraction of quadriceps femoris?
Answer
  • Ia afferents from quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of
  • Ib afferents from Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing
  • alpha-motor neurons innervating extradural muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
  • gamma-motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle increase their rate of firing
  • The alpha-motoneurons to the antagonist muscles increase their rate of firing

Question 2

Question
5. Which of following are elements of reflex arc of the inverse stretch reflex?
Answer
  • Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord
  • Gamma motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
  • Golgi tendon organ
  • Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending e9
  • Alpha-motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
  • C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle
  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type La sensory fiber

Question 3

Question
2.EEG , normal healthy human
Answer
  • alfa- awake with eyes closed, relaxing
  • beta – awake, aroused with eyes open
  • gamma – focus attention on something
  • delta - sleep
  • teta - sleep

Question 4

Question
-6. Cerebellar dysfunctions
Answer
  • resting tremor
  • ignition tremor
  • Intention tremor
  • ataxia
  • adiadkinesia, didiadokin
  • muscle aphnemia

Question 5

Question
13.Which basal ganglia form the corpus striatum
Answer
  • subthalamic nuclei
  • globus pallidus (int.part)
  • putamen
  • substantia nigra
  • caudate nucleus

Question 6

Question
15. Defect of right geniculocalcarine tract result in decrease visual acuity in?
Answer
  • temporal half of left retina
  • temporal half of right retina
  • nasal half of right retina
  • nasal half of left retina
  • both half of hemis retina

Question 7

Question
2. EEG in normal healthy awake adults:
Answer
  • Alpha
  • Delta
  • Beta
  • Theta
  • Gamma

Question 8

Question
5. Defects of right geniculocalcarine tract (left optic radiation)?
Answer
  • Temporal half of left retina
  • Temporal half of right retina
  • Nasal half of left retina
  • Nasal half of right retina
  • Both half of hemis retina

Question 9

Question
7. What is the main function of Granule cells of cerebellar cortex?
Answer
  • They excite Purkinje cells via their parallel fibers
  • They excite Golgi and Stellate cells via their parallel fibers
  • They excite Purkinje cells via their mossy fibers
  • They excite Golgi and Stellate cells via their mossy fibers
  • They inhibit Purkinje, Basket, Golgi and Stellate cells via their parallel fibers
  • They inhibit deep cerebellar nuclei via their mossy fibers

Question 10

Question
10. Primary sensory cortex:
Answer
  • Detects specific sensory cortex, input of the peripheral organs
  • Analyzes of specific sensory input
  • Located in postcentral gyrus of Parietal lobe
  • Located in Cingulate gyrus

Question 11

Question
11. Afferent pathways of Spinal cord:
Answer
  • Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract pass through ventral posterolateral nuclei of thalamus
  • All afferent pathways are crossed by corticospinal tract
  • Spinothalamic tract conduct exteroceptive, proprioceptive and teleoceptive sensation
  • Second neuron can be located in spinal cord of Medulla oblongata

Question 12

Question
-14. What is true about muscle stretch receptors?
Answer
  • The flower ending formed by Ia fibers -
  • The annulospiral ending formed by Ib fibers
  • The annulospiral ending is formed by Ia fibers
  • The golgi tendon organ has primary plate ending formed by Ib fibers

Question 13

Question
-15. Purkinje cells?
Answer
  • Excitatory climbing fibers
  • Release neurotransmitter
  • Release GABA as neurotransmitter
  • Release GABA and Glycine as neurotransmitter
  • Inhibitory.... (missing rest of question)

Question 14

Question
-17. Phototransduction – in correct order: a. Retinal configuration from less energetic cis configuration to more energetic trans-configuration b. Hyperpolarization c. Closure of Na+ channels dependent on cGMP d. Opening of Na+ channels dependent on cGMP e. Activation of transducin f. Reduced concentration of cGMP
Answer
  • a, c, e, f, d
  • a, e, f, c, b
  • a, f, e, c, b
  • a, e, f, b, c

Question 15

Question
Emmetropia correction?
Answer
  • Correction: concave lens
  • Correction: convex lens
  • Correction: cylindrical lens
  • No correction needed

Question 16

Question
Hyperopia correction?
Answer
  • Correction: concave lens
  • Correction: convex lens
  • Correction: cylindrical lens
  • No correction needed

Question 17

Question
Myopia correction?
Answer
  • Correction: concave lens
  • Correction: convex lens
  • Correction: cylindrical lens
  • No correction needed

Question 18

Question
Astigmatism correction?
Answer
  • Correction: concave lens
  • Correction: convex lens
  • Correction: cylindrical lens
  • No correction needed

Question 19

Question
20) True statement
Answer
  • A. Bone conduction compared to air conduction in Rinne-test
  • B. Sound conduction is heard louder in defect ear in Weber-test
  • C. Bone conduction is the main sound conduction
  • Sound frequency ranges between 6Hz – 10KHz

Question 20

Question
21. Hair cells are located in:
Answer
  • A. Middle ear
  • B. Crista of semicircular canals
  • C. Basilar membrane of organ of Corti
  • D: Scala tympani

Question 21

Question
24. What is true about paccinian corpsules?
Answer
  • A. They are rapidly adapting
  • B. They are slow adapting
  • C. They cover large area of the skin
  • D. They cover short area of the skin

Question 22

Question
27. Slow superficial pain:
Answer
  • A. Is not transmitted to Cerebral cortex
  • B. Transmitted by unmyelinated C-fibers
  • C. Is “bright” and easy to locate
  • D. Is “gated” by Spinal cord
  • E. Is modulated by interneurons of gelatinous substance in the posterior horn

Question 23

Question
1. Which of following statements concerning antinociceptive system of the dorsal ... are true:
Answer
  • tactile cutaneous stimulation conducted by A beta fibers inhibits pain, conducted by C fibers
  • proprioceptive stimulation conducted by A gamma fibers inhibits fast pain conducted by A ...fibers
  • presynaptic inhibition of pain is performed by descending hyperpolarizing on 2nd order
  • tactile cutaneous stimulation conducted by C fibers inhibits pain, conducted by A beta-fibers

Question 24

Question
2. Identify right statements concerning pain pathways:
Answer
  • fast pain fibers of the spinal cord liberate excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate
  • most of slow pain fibers finish in reticular formation, rectal area and perpendicular grey region
  • upon entering the spinal cord fast and slow pain fibers synapse with the same population of neurons
  • paleospinothalamic tract transmits impulses concerning quality, intensity and location of pain

Question 25

Question
3. Nociception is NOT conducted by:
Answer
  • lateral spinothalamic tract
  • same pathway as the sense of vibration and fine, precise touch
  • same pathway pathway as the input from thermoreceptors
  • anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 26

Question
4. Tapping of patellar tendon elicit a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Which of the following precedes the contraction of the quadriceps femoris
Answer
  • Ia afferents from the quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of firing
  • Ib afferent from the Golgi tendon organ increase their ring of firing
  • α-motoneurons (alpha) innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
  • γ-motoneurons(gamma) innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
  • α-motoneurons to the antagonistic muscles increase their rate of firing

Question 27

Question
5. Which of the following are elements of the reflex arc of the inverse-stretch reflex?
Answer
  • Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord
  • Gamma motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
  • Golgi tendon organ
  • Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending
  • Alpha-motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
  • C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle
  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type Ia sensory fiber

Question 28

Question
6. Pyramidal pathways are essential for which of following activities:
Answer
  • Speech and writing
  • respiratory movements of a diaphragm and intercostal muscles
  • Motor activities performed with hands and fingers such as taping keyboards
  • diadochokinesia
  • kinesthesia and stereo agnosia

Question 29

Question
7. Gracile fasciculus pathway is composed of:
Answer
  • a. Neurons in posterior horn of the spinal cord
  • b. Dorsal root ganglion cell
  • c. Neurons in nucleus gracilis
  • d. Neurons in ventral (posterolateral??) nuclei of thalamus
  • e. Neurons in postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Question 30

Question
8. Lesion of precentral gyrus of the left frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere leads to:
Answer
  • Inability to perform voluntary movements
  • Fluent aphasia
  • Loss of coordination of movements
  • Spastic tone of the contralateral skeletal muscles due to damage of the upper neuron of the pyramidal tract

Question 31

Question
9.Which of the following sentences describe properly fasciculus gracilis:
Answer
  • it collects sensory input from lower part of the body
  • it collect sensory input from upper part of the body
  • conducts impulses from muscle spindles + Golgi tendon organs
  • it conveys crude (light) tough and temperature sense
  • it conveys fine (discriminative) touch and vibration sense
  • Second-order neuron is located in medulla oblongata
  • Second order neuron is located in posterior horn of the spinal cord -

Question 32

Question
10. Identify statements concerning lateral corticospinal tract
Answer
  • it innervates bilaterally axial muscles (muscles proximal to the trunk)
  • it crosses the midline in pyramidal decussation
  • first order neurons of the pathways synapse in nucleus rubber
  • it reduces the muscular tone of flexors

Question 33

Question
11. Describe properly the characteristics of the spinothalamic tract:
Answer
  • it is 2 neuron sensory tract that is localized in anterolateral neural pathways system
  • it is a 3-neuron sensory tract that is localized in dorsal columns of the spinal cord
  • it conveys sensation modalities such as ticide and itch, temperature, light touch and pressure
  • it passes to the contralateral CNS side on the level of the medulla oblongata
  • it terminates finally in the somatosensory cortex

Question 34

Question
12. Indicate correct statements concerning Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex:
Answer
  • liberate GABA producing inhibitory effect to neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei
  • they project excitatory output to basket and stellate cells through GABAc receptor
  • They are excited by glutamate liberated by axon terminals of climbing fibers and parallel fibers
  • they are directly activated by mossy fibers
  • project excitatory axons converging on deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 35

Question
13. Which statements are right?
Answer
  • Climbing fiber input exerts a strong excitatory effect on single Purkinje cell
  • Basket cells project to deep cerebellar nuclei
  • Mossy fibers come from all possible sources except for inferior olivary nuclei
  • Mossy fibers come from inferior olivary nuclei -

Question 36

Question
14. Identify right statements concerning cerebellar function:
Answer
  • Damage of the flocculonodular lobe lead to nystagmus
  • Input from cerebro-porto-cerebellar pathways enters dentate nucleus of vestibulocerebellum
  • Anterior cerebellospinal tract distribute proper rate and strength of muscle cells to postural muscles
  • Damage of the cerebellum results with discoordination of all movements (ataxia)

Question 37

Question
15. Which of the following are direct effects of action of gamma motoneurons?
Answer
  • a) stimulate extrafusal muscle fibers to contract
  • b) help maintaining activity of Ia afferent during contraction
  • c) stimulate activity in Ib afferent fibers
  • d) detect the length of resting skeletal muscles
  • e) produce contraction of the nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers

Question 38

Question
18. Identify right statements concerning the ß- rhythm appearing on an EEG recording
Answer
  • appears when a patient's eyes open
  • forms sleep spindles of the EEG recording
  • ecorded during NREM sleep of healthy adults
  • represents activity that is the most specific for the frontal region of the conscious brain

Question 39

Question
19. Identify correct statements concerning hyperopia (farsightedness):
Answer
  • Near point of vision can be located 1 meter from the eye
  • It is related to increased focal length of the eyeball
  • it is corrected by concave lenses
  • Near objects are focused on retina while far objects not

Question 40

Question
20. Right LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) is entered by input from:
Answer
  • Temporal half of the left retina
  • Temporal half of the right retina
  • Nasal half of the left retina
  • Nasal half of the tight retina
  • Both left hemiretinas (left of both retinas)

Question 41

Question
21. In conductive loss of hearing (conductive deafness) of right ear
Answer
  • In Weber's test, sound is heard louder by the right ear
  • Rinne's test of the right ear is positive
  • Patient's hearing of the right ear is longer than the examiner's in Schwabach's test
  • Air conduction of the right ear is better bone conduction

Question 42

Question
22. Which of the following statements concerning Visual acuity are NOT true:
Answer
  • Is tested by Snellen letter chart
  • is normal when eye is able to discriminate details separated by a visual angle of 5 minutes of arc (1 minute of arc = 1/60 degree)
  • it depends on defects of focusing
  • depends on the state of rods

Question 43

Question
23. Rhodopsin is:
Answer
  • Composed of transducin and photopsin
  • the G-protein of cones
  • The serpentine receptor coupled with G-protein, which activates enzyme PDE
  • It is a ligand gated channel similar to muscarinic receptor
  • Metabotropic receptor located on free floating discs of the outer segment of rods

Question 44

Question
5. Identify right statement concerning the alpha-rhythm appearing in EEG:
Answer
  • It is present in awake patients with eyes open
  • Made up by low frequency high amplitude waves frequency is 8-13 Hz
  • it forms sleep spindle of EEG
  • It is typically recorded in occipital lobe (or similar)
  • Typical rhythm of frontal lobe are in unconscious and conscious person
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