Question 1
Question
Which of the following describes an endocrine communication?
Answer
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A) Works rapidly across very short distances
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B) Structurally related to each other and their target organs
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C.) Duration of action is very brief
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D.) Chemical messenger is carried over long distances in the blood
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E.) Coordinates very precise responses
Question 2
Question
Hydrophilic hormone binding to a receptor with multiple transmembrane domains and which activates, via an effector protein, a second messenger system within the target cell is characteristic of a:
Answer
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A.) G-protein coupled receptor
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B.) Tyrosine kinase receptor
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C.) Chemically gated receptor channel
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D.) depolarization
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e.) Hormone response element
Question 3
Question
Which of the following describes a lipophilic hormone?
Answer
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A.) Secreted as it is synthesized
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B.) Does not use transport proteins in the blood
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C.) Acts solely through receptors located at the cell membrane
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D.) Acts predominantly through second messenger systems
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E.) Initially synthesized as a preprohormone
Question 4
Question
Which of the following would contribute to a rise in plasma hormone concentration?
Answer
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A.) Increased amounts of binding proteins
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B.) Increased secretion rate
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C.) Reduced activation/conversion of the inactive hormone
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D.) Increased metabolism/clearance
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E.) Reduced secretion of the hormone
Question 5
Question
The situation where the output of a system opposes the input is:
Answer
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A.) Antagonism
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B.) Permissiveness
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C.) Synergism
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D.) Negative feedback
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E.) Positive feedback
Question 6
Question
Which of the following is NOT true about a circadian rhythm?
Answer
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A.) Driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
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B.) Occurs with a periodicity of every hour
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C.) Involves self-starting clock proteins
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D.) Can be synchronized by the environment
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E.) Periodicity is influenced by melatonin
Question 7
Question
The posterior pituitary:
Answer
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A.) Is functionally, but not anatomically connected to the hypothalamus
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B.) Secretes tropic hormones in response to releasing hormones
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C.) Derived from Rathke’s pouch
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D.) Secretes hormones originally produced in neurons of the paraventricular nucleus
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E.) Is a major source of growth hormone
Question 8
Question
Which of the following is NOT true about vasopressin?
Answer
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A.) Decreased osmolarity is the biggest stimulus for its release
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B.) Released in response to a large decrease in atrial volume
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C.) Inserts aquaporins into kidney collecting tubules to increase water retention
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D.) Has a pressor effect via arteriolar smooth muscle
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E.) Release triggered by exertion in a hot environment
Question 9
Answer
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A.) Acts through IGF-1 to exert its metabolic effects
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B.) Increases fat deposition
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C.) Inhibits protein synthesis
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D.) Acts through IGF-1 to influence bone growth
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E.) Acts through IGF-2 to influence metabolism
Question 10
Question
Bone formation is characterized by:
Answer
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A.) Multiplication of osteocytes at the epiphysis edge of epiphyseal plate
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B.) Clearing of dead cells by osteocytes
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C.) Stimulation of osteoblast activity by growth hormone
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D.) Deposition of new bone by osteocytes
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E.) Addition of surface bone by chondrocytes in the periosteum
Question 11
Question
Abnormally stunted growth, very high GH concentrations, and yet an absence of a response to GH are characteristic of:
Question 12
Question
Which of the following is NOT essential for growth?
Answer
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A.) Thyroid Hormone
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B.) Insulin
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C.) Androgens
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D.) IGF-1
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E.) Cortisol
Question 13
Question
Development along the female pathways depends upon
Answer
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A.) Contribution of a Y chromosome from the paternal side
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B.) Presence of testosterone
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C.) Presence of DHT
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D.) Nothing, it’s the default pathway for sexual development
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E.) Wolffian duct development
Question 14
Question
Which of the following is most directly due to SRY?
Question 15
Question
Which is a function of the Sertoli Cell?
Answer
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A.) Secretes testosterone
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B.) Freely allows passage of immune cells into lumen
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C.) Secretes inhibin to specifically suppress GnRH
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D.) Secretes Mullerian inhibiting factor
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E.) Capacitation
Question 16
Question
Which of the following is part of the erectile mechanism?
Answer
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Increased sympathetic input
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Decreased parasympathetic input
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Increased venous drainage
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Increased nitric oxide metabolism
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A spinal reflex
Question 17
Question
The second meiotic division in the oocyte occurs:
Answer
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A.) Prior to birth
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B.) Immediately after birth
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C.) During the final stages of follicular development
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D.) During the LH surge
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E.) Upon fertilization by the sperm
Question 18
Question
The LH surge is due to:
Answer
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A.) Increase progesterone from the follicle
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B.) High levels of estradiol from the follicle
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C.) Increased inhibin from the follicle
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D.) The act of intercourse
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E.) Low levels of estradiol from the follicle
Question 19
Question
Which of the following is true of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
Answer
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A.) Lyses the corpus luteum of pregnancy
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B.) Stimulates Sertoli cell production of testosterone
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C.) Activates relaxin, which is important for parturition
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D.) Is LH-like in function
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E.) Necessary for placental progesterone production in late pregnancy
Question 20
Question
Which describes the role of estrogen in the initiation of parturition?
Answer
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A.) Stimulates CRH release from the placenta
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B.) Stimulates IL-8 from the uterus
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C.) Inhibits pulmonary surfactant protein secretion
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D.) Decreases prostaglandin secretion
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E.) Increases myometrium oxytocin receptors
Question 21
Question
Which of the following inside the pancreas beta cell would lead to insulin secretion?
Answer
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A.) Blockage of GLUT2
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B.) Blockade of ATP generation
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C.) Hyperpolarization of the cell
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D.) Closure of Ca++ channels
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E.) Phosphorylation of Glucose
Question 22
Question
Which of the following would be stimulatory to insulin release?
Answer
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A.) Decreased glucose in blood
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B.) Decreased parasympathetic input
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C.) Decreased amino acids in blood
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D.) Decreased sympathetic input
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E.) Decreased incretin release
Question 23
Question
Which of the following would be a treatment for type 2 diabetes?
Answer
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A.) Inhibition of beta-cell function
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B). Stimulation of glycogenolysis
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C.) Increasing sensitivity to glucagon
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D.) Inhibiting the incretins
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E.) Inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase, which metabolizes GLP-1
Question 24
Question
Which of the following is true about glucagon?
Answer
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A.) Stimulated by increased glucose
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B.) Usually elevated during diabetes
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C.) Enforces the actions of insulin
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D.) Stimulated by somatostatin
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E.) Causes significant hyperglycemia when hypersecreted