Psychosis & Schizophrenia

Description

Psychosis and Schizophrenia lecture given on 15/10/2018. Includes neurobiology descriptions of antipsychotics.
Matthew Coulson
Quiz by Matthew Coulson, updated more than 1 year ago
Matthew Coulson
Created by Matthew Coulson over 5 years ago
23
1

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Brian believes that his parents are trying to poison him because the government are controlling them. Which psychopathology term is most appropriate?
Answer
  • Grandiose delusion
  • Ideas of reference
  • Paranoid delusion
  • Auditory hallucination
  • loosening of associations

Question 2

Question
When Brian listens to the radio he can hear voices from elsewhere in the room telling him he must not think about the military information he has been given
Answer
  • Functional hallucination
  • Gustatory hallucination
  • Passivity of thought
  • Thought insertion
  • Reactive affect

Question 3

Question
Which of the following describes the belief that one's thoughts or actions are controlled by an external agent?
Answer
  • Passivity of thought
  • Thought insertion
  • Reactive affect
  • Paranoid delusion
  • Loosening of associations

Question 4

Question
Brian believes that news articles on the television about world leaders’ phones being tapped are actually talking about him as he holds important government information
Answer
  • Nihilistic delusion
  • Ideas of reference
  • Flight of ideas
  • Auditory hallucination
  • Visual hallucination

Question 5

Question
Schizophrenia is known to have a 78% heritability
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
What is heritability?
Answer
  • Likelihood of developing a trait if your monozygotic twin has it
  • Likelihood of developing a trait if your parent has it
  • Proportion of observable differences in a trait between individuals in a population that is due to genetic differences
  • Proportion of the range of genes involved in a multifactorial trait that you need to have in order to develop the trait
  • Likelihood of individuals with the trait having a genetic predisposition to it

Question 7

Question
Schizophrenia is known to be caused by viral illness in the [blank_start]2nd[blank_end] trimester of pregnancy
Answer
  • 2nd
  • 1st
  • 3rd

Question 8

Question
Taking heroin makes an individual very liable to drug-induced psychosis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Patients with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged ventricles in their brain
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
The reductions in cerebral grey matter seen in schizophrenia patients is attributable to reduced arborisation, which is ...
Answer
  • Neuronal loss in grey matter
  • Reduced dendritic communication with other neurons due to fewer number of dendrites
  • Slowed neuronal conduction due to neuronal damage

Question 11

Question
How many layers of grey matter exist in the brain?
Answer
  • 6
  • 5
  • 9
  • 4

Question 12

Question
Things that cause an increase of [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end] in the brain are known to cause a psychotic state in humans.
Answer
  • dopamine
  • serotonin
  • noradrenaline

Question 13

Question
The mesolimbic pathway (reward system) originates in the [blank_start]ventral tegmental[blank_end] area of the midbrain.
Answer
  • ventral tegmental

Question 14

Question
Blockade of dopamine receptors in the [blank_start]nigrostriatal[blank_end] pathway can cause some of the symptoms associated with antipsychotics such as Haloperidol, for example dystonia, parkinsonian symptoms and akathisia
Answer
  • nigrostriatal
  • tuberoinfundibular
  • mesolimbic

Question 15

Question
The Nigrostriatal Pathway originates in the [blank_start]Substantia Nigra[blank_end] and projects to the Dorsal Striatum
Answer
  • Substantia Nigra
  • Lentiform Nucleus
  • Globus Pallidus
  • Putamen
  • Caudate Nucleus

Question 16

Question
Atypical Antipsychotic: [blank_start]Quetiapine[blank_end] Typical Antipsychotic: [blank_start]Haloperidol[blank_end]
Answer
  • Haloperidol
  • Quetiapine
  • Phenytoin

Question 17

Question
Is olanzapine a typical or atypical antipsychotic?
Answer
  • Typical
  • Atypical

Question 18

Question
[blank_start]Atypical[blank_end] antipsychotics are more likely to cause metabolic syndrome as a side effect [blank_start]Typical[blank_end] antipsychotics are more likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms as a side effect
Answer
  • Typical
  • Atypical
  • Atypical
  • Typical

Question 19

Question
The action of Haloperidol is antagonism of mainly [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end] receptors
Answer
  • dopamine
  • serotonin
  • alpha
  • histamine
  • noradrenaline

Question 20

Question
The action of Olanzapine is mainly as an antagonist of [blank_start]serotonin[blank_end] receptors
Answer
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
  • noradrenaline
  • histamine
  • alpha

Question 21

Question
Extrapyramidal side effects of typical antipsychotics are caused by a D2 blockade affecting which dopaminergic pathway?
Answer
  • Mesolimbic pathway
  • Tuberoinfundibular pathway
  • Nigrostriatal pathway

Question 22

Question
Match the extrapyramidal side effect to its description: [blank_start]Acute Dystonic Reaction[blank_end]: Sudden onset painful involuntary muscle spasm, usually affecting the neck/back/eye [blank_start]Parkinsonism[blank_end]: Onset of tremor and muscle stiffness [blank_start]Akathisia[blank_end]: A feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still [blank_start]Tardive Dyskinesia[blank_end]: Involuntary, repetitive body movements (typically orofacial) that can include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips
Answer
  • Acute Dystonic Reaction
  • Parkinsonism
  • Akathisia
  • Tardive Dyskinesia
  • Drug-Induced Chorea

Question 23

Question
Which of the following extra-pyramidal symptoms typically takes years to develop (due to chronic antipsychotic use) and is very difficult to treat?
Answer
  • Acute Dystonic Reaction
  • Parkinsonism
  • Akathisia
  • Tardive Dyskinesia

Question 24

Question
Some of the extrapyramidal side effects an be successfully treated using which one of the following medication types?
Answer
  • Anticholinergics
  • Antidepressants
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Antiepileptics

Question 25

Question
Which two of the following extrapyramidal side effects can be easily treated via anticholinergic medications?
Answer
  • Acute Dystonic Reaction
  • Parkinsonism
  • Akathisia
  • Tardive Dyskinesia

Question 26

Question
Dopamine Blockade also affects the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic pathway, leading to a buildup of which pituitary hormone?
Answer
  • Prolactin
  • Growth Hormone
  • LH
  • FSH
  • TSH
  • Oxytocin
  • Vasopressin

Question 27

Question
Hyperprolactinaemia also causes lower oestrogen and testosterone levels, causing [blank_start]osteoporosis[blank_end].
Answer
  • osteoporosis
  • osteoarthritis
  • coeliac disease
  • crohn's disease

Question 28

Question
Metabolic syndrome is a known complication of atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine that antagonise serotonin receptors. Metabolic syndrome can only be diagnosed when at least 3 of which 5 symptoms are present in a patient?
Answer
  • Central Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperglycaemia
  • High Serum Triglycerides
  • Low Serum HDL (cholesterol)
  • Low Serum LDL (cholesterol)
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Low Serum Calcium

Question 29

Question
Brian finds that the olanzapine helps him to sleep much better at night. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in this effect?
Answer
  • Serotonin
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Noradrenaline
  • Histamine

Question 30

Question
After taking Haloperidol, Brian develops a tremor and muscular stiffness. Which neuroreceptors are primarily involved in this effect?
Answer
  • Serotonin
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Noradrenaline
  • Histamine

Question 31

Question
Which antipsychotic is least likely to cause a recurrence of his parkinsonism?
Answer
  • Risperidone
  • Olanzapine
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Quetiapine
  • Zuclopentixol

Question 32

Question
Haloperidol antagonises dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland. Which side effect is caused by this?
Answer
  • Akathisia
  • Sexual Dysfunction
  • Acromegaly
  • Apathy
  • Sedation

Question 33

Question
After two failed trials of antipsychotics, which specific antipsychotic is usually given, under close observation? [blank_start]Clozapine[blank_end]
Answer
  • Clozapine
  • Mirtazapine
  • Cariprazine
  • Asenapine
  • Risperidone

Question 34

Question
Patients taking Clozapine have their blood checked very often (once a week for first 6 months) as these patients are liable to developing [blank_start]agranulocytosis[blank_end], which could kill them.
Answer
  • agranulocytosis
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