biology finale study guide

cells and osmosis

A controlled experiment allows the scientist  isolate and test a mass of information  The ability to move is NOT a characteristics of all living thing   A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observation  a theory Movement is NOT a characteristic of all living things  The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant called Homeostasis Eukaryotes usually contain a nucles, genetic material , and specialized organelles. The organelle that makes proteins using coded instructions t come from the nucles is called a ribosome The cell membrane function regulates which materials enter and leave the cell When molecules represented as an x move from one side of the membrane  the other, they will travel through the channel protien If facilitated diffusion moves molecules across the cell membrane the molecules will move into the cell until there is an equal amount of molecules in the cell as outside. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water l burst because the greater in the water concetration outside the cell causes water to move into the cell Prokaryotes lack a nucles Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration The diffusion of water across a selectively premeable membrane is called osmosis

Genetics 

The principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominate and others are recessive  2 plants with the genotypes TT and Tt  would have the same phenotype  Organisims that have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait re said to be homozygous. Gametes are produced by the process of Meosis Unlike mitosis, meiosis result in the formation of haploid cells Traits that are produced by the interaction of several genes are said to be polygenic The principles of probabilty can be used to predict the traits of the offspring produced by gentic crosses. A punnett square does not show The actual result of gentics cross A cross of a white hen with black rooster produces erminette-color offspring. This type of inheritance is known as codominance If an organisms diploid number is 12, its haploid number is 6  Unlike mitosis , meiosis results in the formation of  four genetically different haploid cells Define gentics:   How many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell?   What happens to the number of chromosomes per cell during meiosos?   How many recesive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in order to show that trait?    

photosynthesis/respiration

CO2 + H2O -----------> O2 + C6 H12 O6 reactants                      prodoucts 

6co2+ 6H2o ------------->602+C6 H12 O6                                                                      \                                                                          \                                                                            balanced equation

Chloroplast in plant cells s where photosynthesis occurs. The pigment in a chloroplast that gives it, it's green color that is called chlorophyll.  O2 + C6 H12 O6 --------------> CO2 +H2O   6o2 + C6 H12 O6c-------------> 6co2 +6H2O * The product of photosynthesis s the reactants of cellular respiriation, and the products of photosynthesis.

Factors that affect photosynthesis

Light intesity -  the rate of photosynthesis increases as the intensity increases to a point then it levels off Co2 levels- the rate of photosynthesis increases as the amount of Co2 increases to a point then it levels off Tempreature- the rate f photosynthesis is at first increase with temperature to a maximum of 25'c (77' F) then decrease as the temperature increases.