The Twilight Years

Demographic trends in elderly population
1. In UAE
2. In GCC
3. In West
Preventive Measures
1. Make Transportation Available
2. Give a Senior Something to Take Care Of
3. Make Adaptive Technologies Available
4. Encourage Dining with Other
Physiological changes
1. Nervous system
  1. More decline in motor coordination, intellectual function, and short-term memory
2. Circulatory system
  1. output, and cardiac reserve decline, atherosclerosis & myocardial infarction become more common
3. Respiratory system
  1. less lung clearance lead to respiratory infections.
4. Urinary system
  1. The number of nephrons declines
5. Digestive System
  1. Less saliva, less gastric acid. changes in dentation
6. Integumentary System
  1. melanocytes die out, atrophy of sebaceous glands, & loss of skin elasticity
7. Musculoskeletal System
  1. loss of muscle size & strength, osteopenia & osteoporosis
8. Sense Organ
  1. blunted senses
9. Reproductive System
  1. Andropause and menopause
Obesity Rates
1. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2. Skin fold thickness
3. Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio
4. Bio-impedance
Fed & Fasting States
1. Fed State
  1. Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Lipolysis, Protein breakdwon, & Ketogenesis
2. Fasting State
  1. Glycogenesis Glycolysis Lipogenesis Protein synthesis
Mutation and aging
1. Aging theories
  1. Programmed Theories
  2. Error Theories
2. Mutation is a heritable change in DNA.
  1. Point mutation
  2. Frame-shift mutation
  3. Missense mutations
  4. Nonsense mutations
  5. Silent mutations
  6. Splice site mutation
Psychological Problems
1. Loneliness Depression Dementia Alzheimer disease Anxiety disorders Insomnia, Suicide
Polypharmacy
1. Polypharmacy is the use of four or more medications by a patient, common in elderly
2. More chronic conditions, more medications prescribed.
Nutrition in elderly
1. Elders need a general healthy diet
2. increased intake of Water, Calcium Vitamin B, Vitamin D
3. obstacles to eating well and solutions
  1. Eating alone ---> Eating with others Loss of appetite ---> Medications & flavors Difficulty chewing ---> Smoothies Dry mouth ---> More water, food moistening
Falls In Elderly
1. Increases with age & lead to broken bones (Hip fractures mostly) & loss of confidence
2. Risk factors
  1. Muscle weakness especially in the legs, Blood pressure, postural hypotension, Slower reflexes, Foot problems, Sensory problems, Vision Confusion, & Medications
Elderly services in the UAE
1. support through Homes
2. Health care services
3. Entertainment services
4. Religious services
Functional Assessment Screening
1. A systematic review of:
2. * Vision / Hearing * Mobility (arms, legs) * Oral / Nutrition * Elimination * Cognitive * ADL and IADL * Home Environment * Social Support * Chronic Pain * Medications

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The Twilight Years

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	Created by mohammed mansour almost 8 years ago