Renaissance Mind Map

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• The idea of the Greeks and Romans provided the answer that the church couldn't. Humanism was a belief the Greeks and Romans practiced. The classical belief in humanism was evident in  sculptures during the Greeks and Roman era. The sculptures looked realistic and nudity was common as it showed off the body, such as Michelangelo's David Statue. 

1. Florence, Italy

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   • Florence was Italy's leading cultural center during the Renissance. The reason that Florence was so special and become the center of Italy, because it's location. They city's location on the Arno River made it an important center for trade and commerce.
   1. Politics

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      • Florence was city state that ruled by the powerful Medici family. Their power was involved in all aspects of life in the city. They built palaces and kept a strong military. That also defeated enemies who plotted against the family. They were great supporters of artists, writers, and musicians.
      1. Niccolo Machiavelli

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         • Niccolo Machiavelli was a Florentine statesman and historian. Machiavelli drew on his experiences in a famous book called The Princes. The book was a frank account of how politics and government really worked. Machiavelli advised rulers to make their states strong by doing what worked best, rather than by being good or moral. He also believed the Rulers should be feared rather than loved.
   2. Medici Family

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      • Renaissance Florence was dominated by a single family, the Medicis. The Medicis acquired their wealth through Florence's major industry; banking. The powerful Medici family controlled Florence for nearly three centuries. The Medici family influenced Florence in all aspects of life.
   3. Medicine

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      • Before the Renaissance, medicine in Europe was largely built upon theories, with little research into what actually worked. The main change in Renaissance medicine was largely due to the increase in anatomical knowledge, aided by an easing of the legal and cultural restrictions on dissecting cadavers. This allowed doctors to gain a much better understanding of the human body and get rid of techniques that harmed rather than cured, such as blood letting, the process of draining blood from a vein to ‘rebalance’ the humors. 
   4. Patron

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      • Patron is a person who supports the arts or other activities by supplying money for them. The city an its rich residents could afford to be patrons of talented artists and thinkers. The Medicis spent lot of money on arts and artists, Michelangelo was one of the artist that work for the Medici.

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• The Renaissance changed many aspects of people's lives over time.

1. Science

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   • The scholars and others also made great advanced in science and mathematic. Scientists began to perform experiments. They analyzed the results using mathematics and logics, this approach to research changed the study of science.
   1. Leonardo da Vinci

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      • Leonardo Da Vinci didn't accept anything as true until he had proved it himself. He studied anatomy, including the circulation of blood and the workings of the eye. He was the first person to draw maps from a bird's eye view.
   2. Nicolaus Copernicus

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      • Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland, he was often called the father of modern astronomy. He went to Italy to study medicine and church. He was also a free thinker, unafraid to question accepted beliefs. Copernicus was skilled in mathematics and observation. Copernicus had been taught that the Earth and the other planets orbit the sun. He also wrote a full- length book called " On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres".
   3. Andreas Vesalius

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      • Andreas Vesalius was born in Brussels. He attended universities in Florence, France, and Italy. In 1537, he earned his medical degree. He showed that the human heart has four hollow areas called chambers. He also wrote a book called " On the Structure of the Human Body.
   4. Galileo Galilei

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      • Galileo Galilei did important experiments concerning gravity. He proved that a heavier object and a lighter object fall at the same time at the same rate. He also built the first telescope that could be used to look into space.
2. Non religious theme

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   • Renaissance writers were interested in individual experience and in the world around them. Writing about secular, or non- religious, topics became more common. Writers used a more individual style and they expressed thoughts and feelings about life.
   1. Architecture

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      • Renaissance architects studied Greek and Roman ruins, and they attracted to round arches, straight columns, and domed roofs. During the Renaissance, architects also added their own ideas to classical building styles. For example, wealthy families built private townhouse know as " palazzi". Many had shops on the ground floor and homes above. Most palazzi were built around a private courtyard, which might contain statues and other works of art.
      1. Engineering

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         • Advances in Engineering made new kinds of architecture possible. For instance, the great cathedral.
      2. Brunelleschi

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         • Brunelleschi invented machines called " hoists" to raise building materials and food to workes at the top of the dome as they were building it.
      3. Raphael

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         • Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.  Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
   2. Arts

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      • The Renaissance lasted from the 1300s to the early 1600s.Renaissance artists crated sculpture, murals, drawings, and paintings.
      1. Painting

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         • Patrons created opportunities for talented painters, who made a number of advances in style and technique. Renaissance painters were influenced by the renewed interest in classical culture and the spread of humanism. Renaissance painters was the adiscovery of perspective. Painters use perspective to create the appearance depth on a flat surface.
         1. Leonardo da Vinci

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            • Leonardo da Vinci wasRenaissance Person. Leonardo studied painting, sculpture, music, math, anatomy, botany, architecture, and engineering. Leonardo's notebook showed him to be one of the greatest creative minds of all the time. His most famous painting is Mona Lisa, Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo's masterpiece, a painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. It displays a remarkable use of perspective, balance, and detail.
         2. Perspective

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            • The appearance of distance or depth on a flat surface, as in painting. Renaissance painters was the discovery of perspective. Painters use perspective to create the appearance of depth on a flat surface.
      2. Sculpture

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         • Renaissance sculptors were influenced by the humanist interest in realism. They were also inspired by ancient Roman status dug up from ruins. Sculptors began carving figures that looked like real people and showed emotions. They seemed to symbolize the humanist ideals of independence and individuality.
         1. Donatello

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            • Donatello was one of the first sculptors to use the new, more lifelike style. His work expressed personality and mood. A good example is his statue of David. Donatello's work influenced Florence's other great sculptor, Michelangelo.
            1. Michelangelo

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               • Michelangelo was an Italian Sculptor and painter. One of his most famous statues is La Pieta, it was carved when he was age 24. Michelangelo created his own majestic statue of David.
   3. Literature

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      • Literature was changed by the rebirth of interest in classical ideas and the rise of humanism.
      1. Shakespeare

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         • William Shakespeare was an English poet, and playwright. He had an enormous talent for expressing thoughts and feelings in memorable ways. His plays show that he had a deep understanding of human behavior and emotions. Shakespeare had written 38 plays, such as " Hamlet", " Romeo and Juliet", " Macbeth""", Julius Caesar"...etc. 
3. Humanism

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   • This new way of thinking sought to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity an interest in nature and human society. Humanists discovered a new way of looking at life. They began to create a philosophy based on the importance and dignity of each individual. Humanists believed that all people had the ability to control their own lives and achieve greatness.
   1. Francesco Petrarch

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      • Francesco Petratch was the Italian poet and the first humanists. Petrarch especially loved old books. He searched for them all over Europe and encouraged his friends to bring hum any they found. Eventually hr created a large collection of ancient Latin and Greek writings, which he made available to other scholars.
   2. Independent Thinking

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      • Humanists prized the individual and tried to look with fresh eyes at nature ad human society. Humanists discovered a new way of looking at life. They began to create a philosophy based on the importance and dignity of each individual. Humanists believed that all people had the ability to control their own lives and achieve greatness.
   3. Power of the Church & King challenged

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      • In the past, the church represented the authority of royal family. The humanists' new ideas sometimes brought them into conflict with the Catholic Church. The church taught that laws were made by God and that those who broke them were sinful. In contrast, humanists believed that people should use their minds to question everything.

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• Renaissance begin with the rediscovery of the classical world of ancient Greece and Rome. 

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• The spread of ideas was made even easier by the invention of the printing press.

1. Johannes Guetenberg

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   • Johannes Guetenberg was a German. He invented a printing press used movable type- characters that could be rearranged and used over again on other printing jobs.
2. Famous Printed Bible

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   • The Gutenburg Biblewas the first major book printed using mass-produced movable type. Preparation of it probably began soon after 1450, and the first finished copies were available in 1454 or 1455. It marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of the printed book in the West. Widely praised for its high aesthetic and artistic qualities, the book has an iconic status. Written in Latin, the Catholic Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Vulgate, printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, in present-day Germany, in the 1450s.