Evaluations of Issues

Gender Bias
1. Feminist Psychology
  1. Worrell and Remer
  2. Creation of criteria to prevent bias in research
2. Implications
  1. Bias research leads to misunderstandings - generates negative stereotypes - validates discriminatory practice
  2. Example of PMS
    1. PMS medicalises and trivialises female emotion but for men this is just a rational response to the situation
      1. Brescoll & Uhlman (2005)
3. Essentialism
  1. Wilson's sociological theory
    1. Double standards - Justified male promiscuity and said for women it was abnormal
  2. Walkerdine
    1. Reports in the 1930s that research suggest that the education of women damaged their chances of pregnancy and "shrivelled their ovaries"
4. Modern researchers acknowledge bias
  1. Recognising how values and assumptions affect research
  2. Dambrin & Lambert's study on the lack of female executives
    1. They reflected on how their gendered experience may have impacted how they read events
  3. Importance of reflexivity
Cultural Bias
1. Classic Studies
  1. Asch + Milgram use all US participants
    1. Replication of Asch
      1. Higher conformity rates in collectivist
  2. Most knowledge of social influence is based on ethnocentric studies
2. Relavatism VS Universality
  1. John Berry
    1. Idea of imposed etic = greater awareness for relavatism
  2. Ekman
    1. Research found innate/ universal expressions for emotions such as disgust
  3. Both should be used
3. Implications on real life
  1. Diagnosing mental disorders
    1. QUestioned validity of DSM
      1. Culturally bound syndromes
        Ethnocentrism of DSM
        Collectivist cultures rarely see anorexia
    2. Cochrane & Sasidharan
      1. African- Caribbeans 7x more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness
4. Counter: Globablisation
  1. Increased media globalisation = useless dichotomy of individualistic- collectivist
    1. Takano & Osaka
      1. 14 of 15 studies comparing US and Japan found no difference
Ethical Implications of SSR
1. Promoting Understanding
  1. Scarr
2. Use by businesses/ governments / institutions
  1. Packard
    1. Claimed subliminal messaging could be used to increase sales in cinemas
      1. Proved FALSE
  2. Intention of deception = harmful
3. Framing Research
  1. Kitzinger & Coyle
    1. Pointed out studies on "alternative relationships were guilty of heterosexual bias
      1. Compared homosexuals to straight standards
      2. Meant homosexuals perceived as abnormal
  2. Sieber & Stanley
    1. Said researchers should be aware of how they frame their study to avoid misinterpretation
4. Political use for social control
  1. In 1920s- 30s states enacted legislation allowing the mandatory sterilisation of the feeble minded
    1. "Feeble- minded" included addicts, mentally ill and those of low IQ
    2. Shows SSR can give scientific justification to extreme eugenic policy
    3. Argument against widespread use of SSR

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Evaluations of Issues

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	Created by Ellie Harvey over 1 year ago