1905 Revolution

Nicolas 2 is the new Tsar. He is considered ''soft'' towards his father.
1. He gets trained by pobedonstev who, at the time has a much more stricter view of Russia.
Causes of the Revolution
1. Russo-Japanese war
  1. Russia were humiliated with their defeat in the war
  2. People now thought that the Tsar was weak because they were in defeat
    1. People were definately expecting to see change and reform,.
      1. In fact Nicolas the 2nd called a guy ''Mirsky'' who called up a meeting - something the Tsar would never agree on, which meant that autocracy was being challenged
    2. Was meant to be for Nicolas and the ''patortic'' fever.
  3. wanted to expand their empire even further
  4. Russia wasn't prepared for war, and lead to a military disaster
2. Politcal reform
  1. People wanted revolution because they wanted better standards of living
3. Famine in villiages
  1. Peasents had a bad harvest which lead to famine
4. Increased taxes and fear of losing land
5. Social reasons
  1. Peasents were unhappy about the redemption payments
  2. Working conditions were appauling and they hardly pocketed any of the money they made.
6. Economic
  1. There was a rapid growth in industrailisation
  2. People worried about the land because everyone was in debt.
    1. Serfs were still tied to the land, and had to pay redemption fees. for the fees they felt like they deserved much more better land
Bloody Sunday
1. Bloody Sunday was when there was meant to be a peaceful prostest which leaded into some kind of a riot
2. People didn't like the way Russia was ruled so they had a petition signed with 200,000 people, and handed this to the Tsar
3. Tsarist guards gunned down the people in the protest.
  1. Over 100 were killed
4. People were disgusted with the people killed who were only fighting for their rights as the working and living conditions were poor.
  1. This made people lose trust in the Tsar and also a bad effect on the government
5. Trigger
6. The fact that nicolas wasn't there to accept the petition angered a lot of people, which decreased the publics view of nicolas
St Petersburg Soviet
1. Showed that they could make an organised stand for themselves
2. Made sure that people went on strike
3. There was a strike straight after bloody sunday
4. Was made up of workers.
5. As people went on strikes, Nicolas was struggling, and turned to Witte for help. He had two options, either he reforms Russia, or more repression. This is where the october manifesto of 1905 came
  1. October Manifesto 1905
    1. Civil liberaties
    2. Freedom of speech
    3. Freedom of assembly
    4. No laws to be introduced unless agreed in the Duma
Long time effects
1. Emancipation
  1. Alex the second promised so much but delivered so little, when he came into Tsar - he made lots of different reforms for his son to repress and strict freedom again
  2. Serfs benefited being tied to the land and not free, when they were allowed freedom they had to pay redemption fees in which they could not afford and still had to be tied to the land (the mir) and take orders of the elderly
2. Social and economic
  1. Places where they have been urbanised was very poor, the living and working conditions were inadequate for people to live and work in
  2. There was no trade unions to support them, when workers worked almost all day with little pay
  3. Distress in the country side and unsuitable harvests which lead to famine
Short term effects
1. Military
  1. The Russo-Japanese war was meant to a sign of national pride and having faith in Nicolas the second
    1. This was a humiliating act and what was meant to be something to support the Tsar regime turned out to be something that furthermore weakened the Tsar and how he was viewed to the people
2. Bloody Sunday
  1. For something that was meant to be a peaceful demostration turned out to be something that went violent
  2. Something that was turned violent and the soilders had turned on them, killing about 100 people
  3. demands included shorter working hours and a minimum wage
Revolutionary groups
1. They were becoming much more organised
2. The social revolutionary group was the reason for many assassinations

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