Coastal Landcapes

Question	Answer
What are the features of a destructive wave?	Weak swash, Strong backwash, Steep beach
What are the features of a constructive wave?	strong swash, weak backwash, gentle slope
What are the three types of weathering?	Physical ( freeze thaw), Biological, Chemical
Define Hydraulic Action	The compression of air in cracks that puts pressure on the rock and causes pieces of rock to break off.
Define Corrasion	sand and pebbles carried in waves are thrown against the cliff face
Define Corrosion	chemicals in sea water dissolve certain rock types, such as chalk
Define Attrition	The breaking up off rocks and pebbles in the waves due to the movement of the waves
What is soil creep?	The gravity pulls the water in the soil downhill, soil particles move with the water; heavy rainfall causes faster downhill movement. The soil appears to have ripples called terracettes
what is slumping?	A large area of land moving down a slope. Dry weather makes the clay contract, when it rains. water gets into the cracks and the soil becomes saturated.
What is it called when the sediment is moved along the shore by the waves in the direction of the prevailing wind?	Longshore Drift
What are spits?	Narrow stretches of sand and pebbles that are joined to the land at one end.
What is a bar?	spits which go across a bay
What is an example of forecasting?	The Met office predicts the likely hood of a flood. The Environment Agency monitors sea conditions 24/7
What is an example of building design?	In Bangladesh all one-story and two-storey buildings must have an external staircase to the roof.
what is an example of planning?	The Thames Flood Barrier was completed in 1982. In, 2010, the Environment Agency installed new flood walls along the river.
What is an example of Education?	The government gives advice to the public via its website.
Revetments are...?	...Slatted wooden structures built at the base of the cliff
Rip Rap is...?	...large rocks placed in front of the cliff
Recurved seawalls are ...?	...walls usually made of concrete; modern ones have a recurved face
Groynes are...	...usually made of wood; stretch from the coastline into the sea
Gabions are...	...wire cages filled with stone used to reduce erosion
Offshore reefs are...	...enormous concrete blocks and natural boulders are sunk offshore to alter wave direction and to dissipate the wave energy of tides and waves.
Beach replenishment is...	...the placing of sand and pebbles on a beach
Cliff regrading is...	The cliff is cut back and given a new gentle slope to stop it slumping.
Managed Retreat is...	...allowing the sea to gradually flood land or erode cliffs

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	Created by Nikki Hopgood about 7 years ago