634662
Description
Flashcards by Hazel Meades, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hazel Meades
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Orientation | Labov proposed that this was the who, where, what and why. This sets the scene and adds contextual info. It is characterised by past continuous verbs and adverbs of time, manner and place. |
| Analysis discourse structure | This breaks down key ideas into constituent parts, evaluates and explores them. |
| Hedging | A strategy used to avoid directness e.g: perhaps, maybe, kind of |
| Lexical connectors | A synonym for conjunctions (see grammar word classes). Words and phrases that provide cohesion within the body of the text. |
| Repair | When you return to correct a previously stated phrase/sentence. |
| Problem-solution discourse structure | Identifies a problem and sets about solving it. |
| Ellipsis | In speech this means an omission of words as appropriate to informal contexts/avoiding awkward repetition. |
| Back channeling | A feature of speaker support e.g: hmm, yeah |
| Complicating action | Labov proposed that this was the main body of the text that provides a range of narrative detail. It is characterised by temporally ordered narrative clauses with a verb in the simple past or present. |
| Resolution (as proposed by Labov) | Final events and rounding off to provide narrative closure. It is expressed as the last of the narrative clauses began the complicating action and shows what finally happened. |
| Tag questions | An auxiliary verb, a negative particle and a pronoun e.g: It was tomorrow wasn't it? |
| Evaluation | Labov proposed that this consisted of additions to the basic story which highlight/command attention. Its function is to make the point of the story clear. It may include: intensifiers, modal verbs, negatives, repetition, comparison with unrealised events etc. |
| Discourse structure | How language is organised and structured throughout the text. |
| Coda | Labov proposed that this was a sign that the narrative is complete and returns to the initial time before the narrative. It is often a generalised statement which is timeless in feel. |
| Narrative discourse structure | Details a series of events. |
| Skip connectors | A return to a previous conversation topic. |
| Discourse markers | Signals a shift in conversation and topic areas. Can also announce a counter-argument e.g: okay, right then, so, but |
| Instruction discourse structure | Logical progression through stages, instructing imperatives. |
| Fillers | Non-verbal sounds that can act as pauses in speech, either naturally or to allow thinking time e.g: er, um. |
| Deixis | Pointing words in a perceptual, temporal or spatial dimension e.g: now, that, you. |
| 3rd person omniscient perspective | The narrator knows how more than one person feels. |
| Exposition | Introduces the characters, setting and conflict. |
| Rising action | Complications, twists or intensification of the conflict. |
| Climax | Emotional high point of the story. |
| Falling action | Logical result of the climax. |
| Resolution (according to the 5 stage plot model) | Presents the final outcome of the story. |
| Abstract | Labov proposed that this was a short, summarising statement provided before the narrative commences. It signals that the story is about to begin and draws the listener's attention. |
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