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Description
Flashcards by Darcey Griffiths, updated about 2 months ago
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Created by Darcey Griffiths
about 2 months ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Bus Boycott- how it began | 1st December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man when the bus became full. Rosa was sat in a row with 3 other men. The 3 men moved when the bus driver asked them to. Rosa refused. She was arrested and put on trial – on the day of her trial a boycott began. |
| Important point | Boycotts were not new. Previously used in Louisiana – Baton Rouge Bus Boycott in 1953 |
| MLK- boycott | Martin Luther King was chosen to lead the boycott. He was a Baptist Minister – churches were used to co-ordinate meetings. Having this support was vital. The MIA, Montgomery Improvement Association organised the boycott – locally done. 5th December – 20,000 black Americans boycotted the buses. King made an impressive speech at night. |
| Was Rosa found guilty | Rosa was found guilty. She was fined $10 and had to pay $4 costs. Black Americans were not happy, so they continued with the boycott. They wanted buses to be desegregated. |
| What happened during bus boycott | Boycotters were harassed by police. King had his house fire bombed in 1956. Rosa Park and King were arrested in 1956 for organising the boycott!! Newspapers became interested! Bus companies lost money. |
| Bus boycott- outcome | In December 1956 the Supreme Court in Browder V’s Gayle ruled that segregation on buses was unconstitutional. The law said black Americans could now sit wherever they wanted on the buses. This was a major victory in the civil rights movement. |
| Boycott impact- positive | It was one of the first major wins of the Civil Rights movement. It inspired mass protests elsewhere and showed an alternative to the NAACP tactic of litigation (taking to court). Martin Luther King proved himself to be a powerful orator. In 1957 he set up the Southern Christian Leadership Confederation (SCLC), an organisation that focused on the South. King felt this was needed. The Montgomery Bus Boycott showed value of church involvement. The church’s involvement had increased working class black participation and decreased the possibility of disorder. |
| Boycott- impact - positive pt 2 | Rosa Parks was an NAACP activist, joining in 1943 she was the Montgomery branch secretary. She became the ‘mother of the Civil Rights movement’ and a role-model for African Americans. The bus companies in Montgomery went nearly bankrupt during the boycott. Estimates suggest businesses lost $1 million, This highlighted the economic power of black Americans. |
| Bus boycott- impact- negative | It was not the NAACP’s first victory against segregation. This had been the Brown vs Board decision of 1954 where the judge had ruled that segregated education was unlawful. This had inspired Rosa Parks and many like her. It was a local campaign; the boycott was organised by the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). It only affected the bus companies in Montgomery, Alabama. |
| Bus boycott- impact- negative pt2 | Some White Americans refused to accept the desegregation of the buses and would refuse to sit next to or behind Black Americans. Some even went so far as to set up a private club for the transportation of White citizens. Due to the violence, many Black Americans were afraid to use their right to sit where they liked. Therefore, they would often sit towards the back to avoid any tension. |
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