WW1 Review

Question	Answer
Who was Robert Borden?	- Prime Minister, Conservative Party - Introduced the War Measures Act that gave the government wide powers over the people and the economy during the war - Introduced conscription (Military Service Act - compulsory military service) - Opp
Who was Billy Bishop?	Canadian ace – brought down more than 5 enemy planes
Who was Arthur Currie?	The first Canadian military commander of the Canadian Corps
Who was Sam Hughes?	Canada’s minister of militia (an elected politician and member of the cabinet- not a military leader)
Who was John McCrae?	The poppies in his poem “In Flanders Fields” became an international symbol of remembrance
What were the long term causes of WW1? SEE HANDOUT	Causes of W.W.1: Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism, Alliances – M.A.I.N)
What were the alliances?	Alliances: Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente - Great Britain, France, Russia
Changes to the alliances during the war?	Changes in alliances during the course of the war: Central powers - Italy left (had been part of the original Triple Alliance), Turkey (Ottoman Empire) joined, Bulgaria joined Allies (members were called the Triple Entente before the war) - Italy joined, U.S.A. joined late in the war (1917)
What was the immediate cause of war?	The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (heir to Austria Hungary Empire) in Bosnia by a Serbian –Princip. REVIEW POWDER KEG NOTE.
What was the Schlieffen Plan? SEE HANDOUT	Invade Belgium in order to flank France. Then push inwards towards Paris.
Famous battles in WW1 SEE HANDOUT	Ypres, 2nd Battle of - April 1915 - in Flanders, Belgium - Western Front - trench warfare & first use of poison gas by Germans. Huge loss of life in infantry assaults (1 in 3 of Canadians), Canadian forces mainly led by amateur soldiers. Ross rifles often failed. Vimy - April 1917 - France Western Front - Canadian victory – 1st great Allied victory of the war -thorough preparation, model made, soldiers rehearsed, tunnels etc., artillery effective in limiting infantry losses, gained respect of Allies as well as German enemies.
TRENCHES	SEE NOTES
When did the US join the war? SEE HANDOUT	U.S. entry into the war 1917- Turning point of the war - Condemned German invasion of neutral Belgium - Germans sank the ocean liner Lusitania, carrying American civilians (German unrestricted submarine warfare) - Potential loss of European powers who borrowed heavily from the US
GROWTH OF INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN IN EXTERNAL AFFAIRS	- When Britain declared war, Canada was automatically to war - no independent declaration of war - Canada’s forces gained respect, especially after Vimy Ridge - Increasing independence demonstrated after the war when Prime Minister Borden represented Canada at the Versailles Peace Conference and later in the League of Nations
Powers the War Measures Act gave to the government	- To take away freedom of speech - To arrest, imprison and deport people without due process - To take over the country's resources and use them for war
FRENCH ENGLISH RELATIONS - CONSCRIPTION	Conscription issue divided English and French during W.W. 1. (Compulsory military service) French opposed. Henri Bourassa (Quebec Nationalist) led opposition and Laurier joined him. Why conscripts needed - huge loss of life created in the trenches- need for more men. Borden introduced Military Service Act June 1917 - all males between ages of 18 & 45 - some exemptions (e.g. conscientious objectors) Borden made changes in voting and election laws (Military Voters Act, Wartime Election Act) - election called for Dec. 1917 Borden won, and then formed coalition Union government.
Use of Propaganda in WW1	Speeches, slogans, newspaper articles, posters, silent movies - Used to convince men to join the army Encourage women and children to push men to volunteer - Encourage people to conserve (e.g. eat less meat) - N.B. no rations but special boards were set up to limit sales on products including coal, gas, wood, meat and sugar - Encourage production (e.g. boys to work on farms) - Encourage people to give money to the government (Victory Bonds) (N.B. income tax also introduced to give government money for war effort)
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT I LABOUR RELATIONS	- New munitions industry - bullets, shells, explosives, guns - Workers were angry with huge profits made by owners, and rising prices of goods
SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND LIFESTYLES	Changes in women’s roles: - in factories (munitions factories, textile factories) - in the civil service, for the government - on farms - as volunteers - in the armed forces (looking after wounded) Suffragettes began to campaign for the right to vote. Sept 14 Wartime Elections Act gave vote in federal election to women in the armed forces and all wives, sisters, mothers and daughters of soldiers serving overseas or who had served overseas. (Borden expected they would support him on conscription)
Define Allies	Members of the Triple Entente. (Britain, France and Russia) and nations supporting them
Define Eastern front	Where the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria) faced the Russians.
Define Stalemate	A situation in which no progress can be made
Define Shock troop	Soldiers used in leading attacks
Define Blockade (naval)	Blocking off a country from contact with the outside world
Define U-boats	German submarines
Define Dreadnought	A new sophisticated British warship – big and fast with devastating firepower
Define Convoys	Ships travelling together for protection
Define Ace	Pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft
Define Victory bond	Loans that Canadians made to the government in exchange for a note promising repayment with interest
Define Armistice	Cease-fire / stop to fighting while peace terms are negotiated
Define Propaganda	The spread of ideas to convince people to support a particular viewpoint
Define Inflation	Rising prices caused by demand for goods
Define Profiteering	Taking higher profits than normal
Define Reparations	Payments Germany had to make to the victors after the war to cover the cost of repair of war damages
Define Suffragette	A woman who demanded the right to vote
Define Western front	Western Europe- most of the Canadians who were involved in the war fought here, in France and Belgium with their allies, the British and French, and later the Americans.

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