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| Question | Answer |
| What is CBT? & How does it work? | CBT= Cognitive behavioural therapy This approach aims to examine and deal with unhealthy patterns of Thoughts and/or Behaviours that negatively impact on a service users' life or mindset Change the way you think and act= change the way you feel |
| When might CBT be used in social work? | CBT is often used with individuals with mental health conditions It can also be used with some service users who have faced a lot of adversity and may therefore (understandably) have a negative mindset |
| What is Cognitive Psychology? | Cognitive psychology= our positive or negative early life experiences cause us to develop positive or negative 'thought patterns' which affect our understanding of the events that happen to us in the present moment e.g. 'why do bad things always happen to ME?' |
| What is Behavioural Psychology? | behavioural psychology= our internal states are the result of external patterns of learnt behaviour- if the behaviour changes, we change e.g. Pavlov's dogs thought they were hungry because they LEARNT to associate the bell with getting food |
| Automatic thoughts vs. core beliefs (CBT) | Automatic thought- one that arises without prompting- e.g. "i can't do this". the goal is to help service user recognise negative ones and combat them with positive thoughts Core belief- "e.g. everyone hates me". Goal is to question basis of belief and gradually improve self-worth |
| cognitive distortions (CBT) Catastrophising Filtering | Cognitive distortions are unhealthy thinking patterns which affect how clearly someone perceives a situation. Catastrophising- assuming the worst will happen Filtering- ignoring positives and focusing on negatives Shoulds/musts- setting rigid expectations |
| Socratic Questioning (CBT) | Asking service user 'why do you believe X'? this helps them to see if they are being illogical in their thinking and change, also allows them to think of alternatives: e.g. instead of 'i'm so stupid', could be 'i'm not very good at english but i have other skills' |
| What is Mindfulness? | mindfulness is a technique of 'present-centred awareness'- being aware of yourself without judgement or agenda. practice of mindfulness has been found to reduce mental health issues like depression/anxiety |
| How can mindfulness help service users? | Reduce anxiety Reduce anger management issues Better emotional regulation More self-awareness |
| What is Motivational Interviewing (MI)? | MI is a therapeutic technique which is used to encourage the service users' motivation to change It does this by exploring the reasons the individual already has to want to change- "the answer is already within them" and the worker brings it out |
| When might Motivational Interviewing be used in social work? | often used with individuals who use substances OR service users who are resistant or argumentative to social work intervention |
| service user 'Ambivalence' (motivational interviewing) | When they have motivation to change and motivation to stay the same- Combination of 'change-talk'- they indicate they want to change and 'Sustain-talk'- they indicate they want to stay as they are |
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