1824004
Description
Flashcards by crudgelizzie, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by crudgelizzie
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| All organisms are made up of...? | cells |
| How many cells are produced in mitosis? | 2 diploid daughter cells |
| 2 differences between meiosis and mitosis: | mitosis=2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells. Occurs in all cells except sex cells meiosis=4 genetically varied haploid daughter cells. Occurs in sex cells |
| What are stem cells? | Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to develop into any other type of cell |
| Why do some people disagree with embryonic stem cell research? | Killing potential human life. There are other ways |
| Why people agree with stem cell research? | Save lives and can find new cures/medicines |
| Order the microorganisms in order of size: (smallest to biggest) | Virus, Bacteria, Fungi, Algae |
| Describe a virus cell: | Genes covered in a protein coat/capsid. It is not living-cannot respire |
| How does a virus cell reproduce? | Attaches onto host cell, reproduces inside host cell releasing new viruses. The host cell is then destroyed |
| Describe a Bacteria Cell: | Cell wall & membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome, slime capsule, flagella and plasmid (small ring of DNA) |
| How does bacteria reproduce? | Asexually by splitting into two (binary fission) |
| Describe a Yeast Cell | Cell wall, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus and food storage granule |
| How does Yeast reproduce? | Asexually-Budding |
| Describe and algal cell: | Cell Wall & Membrane, Nucleus, Vacuole, Chloroplasts, cytoplasm, flagellum and eye spot |
| What are the characteristics of an algal cell? | Mixture of both plant/animal cell features |
| Describe an animal cell: | Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm |
| Describe a plant cell: | Cell wall/membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplasts |
| where does cell division/growth occur in animals? | All tissues |
| Where does cell division/growth occur in plants? | Meristems |
| What is the difference between animal/plant growth? | Animal grows to certain size and stops because they have to move to find food Plant continues to grow throughout their life-growth is spread out/static to take advantage of environmental resources e.g. light, water, minerals |
| Light microscope: | Mag up to x1000 Uses light Can see colour Can observe living things |
| Electron microscope: | Mag. up to x 50 million Uses electrons Image displayed on screen Cannot see colour Can't observe living things Internal structure of cell can be seen |
| What chemical makes up genes? | DNA |
| What is the structure of DNA? | Double helix |
| How does DNA control the production of protein? | By using a code to determine the order in which different amino acids are linked together |
| What are ATCG? | Bases |
| What is the DNA backbone made of? | Sugar and Phosphate |
| How was DNA discovered? | By a collaboration of scientists using different techniques |
| What are proteins made from? | amino acids |
| Name 2 examples of proteins: | Enzymes, hormones, muscle tissue |
| Give a use of enzymes: | Biological washing powder, baby food |
| What are enzymes? | protein molecules that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions |
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