1601498
Description
Flashcards by angeline martin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by angeline martin
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Social Stratification | a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy |
| Social Stratification (4 important principles) | 1. trait of society not individual differences 2. generation to generation 3. universal but variable 4. inequality but beliefs as well |
| Social Mobility | changes in a person's position such as class -can be up, down or horizontal |
| Caste System | amounts to social stratification based on ascription (birth) a pure caste system is closed because birth alone determines a person's entire future, with little or no social mobility |
| Class System | social stratification is based on both ascription and individual achievement open- |
| Class - status consistancy | 1.- consistency of a person's social standing across various dimension of social inequality is lower than in caste-2. -High degrees of status consistency and low degrees of social mobility go hand in hand |
| Meritocracy | is a system of stratification based entirely on individual merit and achievement- |
| ideology | culture and beliefs that directly or indirectly justify social stratification 1. historical patterns (gender, race and social class)- 2. diversity- Is getting Rich- survival of the fittest? pg. 240 |
| Functions of social stratification (Davis Moore Thesis) | This thesis states that the most valuable positions in society must yield sufficient rewards to attract the talent necessary to fill them. |
| Stratification and Conflict (Karl Marx - class and conflict) | Marx saw classes as defined by people's relationships to the means of production 1. - Capitalists- (or bourgeoisie) are people who own factories and other productive businesses 2.- Workers (or proletariat) are people who sell their productive labor to the capitalists |
| Class conflict and alienation, | the experience of isolation and misery resulting from economic powerlessness, is an inevitable consequesnce of class inequality |
| Western Capitalism to experience a Marxist revolution | 1. Capitalists class has fragmented and grown in size, giving more people a stake in the system 2. a higher standard of living has emerged A.) Blue Collar occupations- manual labor, have declined B.) White collar occupations- higher prestige - have expanded. 3. Worker's are better organized and able to fight for reform 4. The government has extended various legal protections to workers |
| Max Weber | Identified three distinct demensions of stratification: Class, status and power |
| Weber- Socioeconomic status | a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality(income, education and occupation) |
| Weber's view of inequality | (Pre-industrial agrarian societies/ caste systems-status, early industrial/ capitalist societies) -class post industrial capitalist societies-power) |
| Social Stratification from three theoretical approaches pg 246 | Structural- functional theory Social conflict theory Symbolic interaction theory |
| Dimensions of Social Inequality (income) | 1. Income = wages, salaries, investments. 2. Median family income in 2011 was $60,974 3.Wealth = total amount of assets, minus outstanding debts, |
| Dimensions of Social Inequality Wealth - Corporations | Out of 6,000,000 corporations in America; only 2600 corporations control 80% of the corporate wealth |
| Dimensions of inequality - Page 249- Distribution of income and wealth in the US | 1. the richest 1% of pf Americans control about 35% of all wealth |
| Dimensions of social inequality Occupational prestige | Occupation serves as a key source of social prestige |
| Dimensions of social inequality (Education) | (approximately 30%of all American adults 25 or older are college graduates) |
| Ascription and Social Stratification | 1. Ancestry 2. Race and Ethnicity 3. Gender 4. Religeon |
| Ascription and social stratification (Ancestry) | Ancestry- (over 1/3 of the richest individuals in America derived their wealth from inheritance) |
| Social Classes in the United States Upper-Upper Class and Upper Class | 1. Upper class (5% of population, family income of at least $205,000/year) a.) The upper-upper class is less than 1% of the population 1. inherited wealth 2. 100% college educated 3. Networks of national/international power and influence |
| The lower upper class | Working wealth, educated power and influence may be national based on achievement Professional athletes, high corporate executives |
| The middle class (40-45% of the population) | 1. upper middle = 2/3 college, local influence, lawyers, engineers, business executives 2. average middle class= ($48,500-$116,000/year |
| Working class (30-35% of population) | ($27,000-$48,500/year) 25% college, 56% own homes- most blue collar occupations |
| The lower class | (20% of the population, less than $27,000/year) 70% complete high school-15% college- low prestige- unemployed or under employed-43% own homes general in the least desirable neighbohoods |
| The difference class makes | 1. class and health 2. Class and values 3. class and politics 4. Class, family and gender |
| The difference class makes (class and values) | Class and values(the rich are more liberal on social issues, more conservative on economic issues |
| Types of social mobility | Intragenerational social mobility -Upward- using education to move up Downward -ex. single woman household Mobility varies by income level - wealth enables more wealth Mobility varies by race, ethnicity, gender |
| Types of Social Mobility Thinking about Diversity pg 258 (Exception or rule) | within a single generation the mobility s usually small - long term trend in social mobility has been upward- Since 1970's mobility is uneven - The short term trend is downward |
| Poverty in the US | 23% (46,000,000 or 15% of population current poverty line $23,021 family of 4 in 2011. This represents the highest level of poverty in 50 years. However the income of the average poor family in 2012 was just 59% of the poverty level(13,500) |
| Poverty Race and eithnicity | 66% of poor people are white- but African Americans are 3 times likely to be poor |
| Poverty feminization | single mother homes- 52% |
| Working Poor | 45% of those in poverty worked full -or part time in 2011 |
| Explaining Poverty Oscar Lewis | Welfare to workforce represents this viewpoint |
| William Julius Wilson - Society primarily responsible for poverty | the structure of occupational wages- evidence suggests that society rather than the individual is primarily responsible for poverty |
| Controversy and Debate Page 267 The welfare dilema | Welfare Reforms, time limits on benefits |
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