13702019
| Question | Answer |
| Route of digestion? | Mouth > Oesophagus > Rumen (fermentation) > Reticulum (curd) > regurgitation / mouth > Omasum > Abomasum (chyme) |
| Role of a) lips b) teeth c) tongue | a) conjunction w/ tongue to collect feed b) molars grind plant material c) collect food, move around mouth |
| Role of d) saliva e) oesophagus | d) aids chewing + forming of bolus, contains salivary lipase and amylase, buffers stomach pH levels e) two way tube to stomach, muscle contractions move food |
| Rumen | Contents continuously mixed w/ contractions of stomach wall, food sent back up oesophagus > solid matter re-chewed > liquid re-swallowed |
| Reticulum | Honeycomb type lining, collects heavy objects animal may accidently eat e.g. nails + smaller particles from rumen > passes to omasum |
| Omasum | Contains folds increasing surface area, water absorption |
| Abomasum | Hydrochloric acid + pepsin break down proteins, lipase from pancreas breaks down fats (mucous also secreted to prevent acid damage) |
| Small Intestine | Duodenum - bile salts aid fat digestion, bicarbonate neutralises stomach acids Jejunum - absorption of carbs +proteins, (aided by villi) Ileum - absorption of Vit B12, bile salts and other remaining nutrients |
| Large Intestine | 1. Caecum - holding chamber, 1 way entry 2. Ascending colon 3. Transverse colon 4. Sigmoid colon - water absorption, active transport of sodium, growth of bacteria synthesizing vitamins 5. Rectum - stores waste products 6. Anus - evacuates waste products |
| Disorders | Obesity, bloat (overdistention of rumen reticulum), acidosis (high acid levels in rumen disrupting microbes), hardware disease (foreign bodies in reticulum) |
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