13641952
Description
Flashcards by Emily Bevis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Bevis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Problems with succession | - Female, young, unmarried - Ministers encourage marriage to avoid another Catholic succession - BUT Elizabeth consider it an issue of Royal Prerogative = clash with Parliament (1559, 1563, 1566) |
| Elizabeth's potential suitors | * Robert Dudley = Earl of Leicester BUT not of royal blood and anger other noblemen * Phillip II of Spain = CATHOLIC so gesture of marriage not taken seriously * Archdukes Ferdinand and Charles = CATHOLIC * Prince Eric of Sweden = Protestant with royal blood BUT Eliz not keen |
| 1563 Parliament | - Issue of succession after Eliz ill with smallpox in 1562 - If no confirmed successor = crisis ?!! - Lady Catherine Grey = troublesome secret marriage - Mary QoS = a Catholic 'enemy' - Eliz refuse to make decision |
| Other Parliamentary discussions of succession | - 1566 Parliament - Pushed by Cecil and Leicester - Eliz = furious speech to HOR and banished Leicester and Pembroke from Presence Council - 1579 = announced that Eliz could still bear children - Rumor of marriage to Duke of Anjou (King of France bro) BUT :( response |
| Succession final decision | - Liz personal decision not to marry - Decided more disadvantages than :) - MQoS executed 1587 - James VI of Scotland = Protestant - 2 sons by 1600 = stability - Essex and R.Cecil kept in contact with James throughout reign = smooth succession in 1603 - Own power in mind? - BUT Liz refuse to confirm any successor |
| Mary Queen of Scots before 1559 | - Queen at 6 days old + succession at 9 months after Solway Moss failure - Treaty Greenwich 1543 = MQoS and Ed to marry - 1546 = agreement to marry Francis II - Brought up/educated in France = Catholic - 1558 = French marriage - 1559 = Became Queen of France |
| Mary's problems on the Scottish throne | - After 1560 Francis death = struggle to find new Husband - Mary not given any influence by her Protestant council - Married Lord Darnley, 1565 BUT rumored affair with adviser = pregnant -Suspected murder of Darnely - Believed to be unsuitable leader = forced abdication in 1568 |
| Mary's English imprisonment | - flee to England after abdication - On house arrest for 19 years - Eliz forced to respond as if support = anger Scottish protestant allies BUT if nothing then shows fragility of monarchy - Legal case to investigate Darnleys death = allegations of MQoS involvement damaging |
| 5 rebellions/plots under Elizabeth | * Northern Earls, 1569 * The Ridolfi Plot, 1571 * Papacy threat (1570s-80s) * Throckmorton Plot, 1583 * The Babington Plot, 1586 |
| Rebellion of Northern Earls, 1569 | - Spanish Ambassador encourage noblemen rebellion against Liz - Support of Mary QoS - Duke of Norfolk = plot against Liz and Cecil's high influence - BUT Norfolk quick surrender - Control of Durham castle - Met by Liz forces in South = 800 executed |
| Consequences and threat of Northern Earls | - Liz reform Council of North and took greater control of North - Realised greater threat of MQoS - BUT no serious threat as nothing bigger sparked and ended easily - Threat of Catholicism greater |
| Ridolfi Plot 1571 | - Ridolfi = Italian merchant - involved 1569 - Plot for Mary and Norfolk to marry - Cecil hear through spy network - Norfolk arrested and executed in 1572 - Spanish Ambassador expelled - BUT Mary not executed - Little threat to Eliz |
| Papacy 1570/80s threat | - Mary kept imprisoned as constant threat to Eliz throne - BUT her execution = inevitable Spanish war - 1580 = papal bull encouraging assassination of Elizabeth - Clear to Mary that Spanish intervention = best bet of gaining Eng. throne - Lead to later threat to throne/WAR |
| The Throckmorton Plot, 1583 | - Throckmorton became messenger between Mary and Spanish ambassador - BUT revealed details of plot under torture - Ambassador expelled and Mary moved to more secure location - Only real threat = growing threat of Spanish war |
| The Babington Plot, 1586 | - most significant plot to replace Eliz with Mary !! - BUT easily uncovered by spies - Conspirators = arrested/executed - Mary found guilty but Liz still reluctant to execute (family, monarch blood, french connection) - BUT warrant signed in 1587 |
| Impact of Babington Plot | - Lead to greater Spanish threat = another reason for them to invade - Mary executed against Liz wishes as she still delayed warrant - Wrote apology to James but no opposition as left him as the next successor - BIGGEST threat |
| Anglo-Spanish relations at the start of Elizabeths reign | - Good relations - Still :) legacy of Phillip and Mary's marriage - Phillip offer symbolic marriage to Liz |
| Why did Spanish relations worse in the 1960s? | - John Hawkins = attempted to break Spanish trading monopoly - Consequently his fleet blockaded in Mexican port in 1563 - Netherlands = competition between Catholic Spanish influence and Protestant English influence - BUT Liz had reservations - Spanish harassment = 1568 storm left Spanish ships refuged in England containing $ which Liz impounded - Spanish support of Mary's rebellions |
| Problem with Netherlands in 1572 | - Liz expelled the 'Sea Beggars' (rebel Dutch pirates) = forced to dock in Dutch port - (Spanish army occupied Netherlands) - Sparks a rebellion in Netherlands against Spanish rule - 1576 'Pacification of Ghent' as Netherland demand explosion of all foreign troops and restoration of their 52 provinces - Elizabeth agreed with plan |
| When and why did the Netherlands start to split? | - 1579 - North Protestant = Union of Utrecht - South Catholic = Union of Arras - Spanish established control in South |
| How did Liz challenge the 1580s growth in Spanish power? | - Liz support claim of Don Antonio's claim to Portuguese throne (illegitimate) - Try and challenge Spanish influence in Portugal - Knighting Sir Francis Drake = navigator disliked by Spain - Negative treatment of Spanish ambassador |
| Treaty of Joinville | - at the end if 1584 - agreement between Phillip II of Spain and French Catholic League - Concern for Liz as could lead to greater support for Mary QoS |
| Treaty of Nunsuch, 1585 | - response to Joinville - Alliance with with Dutch Protestants - sent troops to Netherlands under command of E.o.Leicester - NOT a success - Troops badly paid, officers deserted, commanders argue = believe making Catholic alliance behind their back - Leicester resign in 1588 - Phillip thought showed divisions !!!! |
| What was the Spanish Armada? | - 1588 - delayed from 1587 after successful English attack on Cadiz port - A complex plan by the Spanish to invade England with a 130 ship fleet |
| Armada plan? | 1) Spain travel to England 2) Pick up 30,000 Spanish troops form Netherland 3) Meet 25,000 Eng. Catholics in Kent 4) Capture London and return England to Catholicism |
| What actually happened in the armada? | 1) Armada spotted by England 2) Armada chased up the channel by English ships = 11km of sea 3) Armada anchor in Calais but attacking English 'fireships' threaten position 4) Battle of Gravelines, 1588 = force Armada to return to Spain 5) Armada return and sail north around Scot 6) STORMS destroy 1/3 of ships on their sail home = only 67 fit for use |
| Elizabeth's naval campaign | - Success - 3 attacks on Spanish mainland - 1596 = capture and occupy Cadiz - Humiliating blow to Phillip as it prevented the Spanish ships sailing to Caribbean - BUT failed attack on Panama (Netherlands) - Response = 1596, Spanish attempt invasion of England - Storms = failure but Spanish threat |
| Ireland after 1588 | - Phillip tried to exploit for Spanish :) - 1597 = troop commanded by Essex sent to attack the Spanish fleet in the N.West of Sp. - BUT storm prevented English attack and Spanish fleet landing in Ireland - BUT huge panic in 1599 over false info = the fear of Spanish invasion |
| Netherlands after 1588 | - improved relations - Dutch paid share towards maintaining English troops in Netherlands - 1594 = Spanish troops expelled from northern NL lands = independent state - South Netherlands also maintained degree of indep. from Spain = no remaining NL dependency on foreign powers |
| What was Elizabeths primary focus with her late foreign policy? | - To protect NATIONAL SECURITY - Reason for focus on Spanish threat - But critics suggest a war against religion = ensure protection of Protestantism |
| Tyrone Rebellion | - 1595 - Most significant rebellion in Ireland - linked with on-going Spanish threat as try to include Irish ship in 1596 Armada - Battle of Yellow Ford, 1598 = success - Tyrone control the 'pale' (beyond Dublin) - Attempt to establish independent Catholic Ireland with Spanish support - 1599 = Essex sent to end rebellion BUT return to England after making truce - 1601 = 3000 Spanish troops land in Ireland to support Tyrone = Battle of Kinsale - FAILURE = forced to make treaty with England in 1603 |
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