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Description
| Question | Answer |
| What does cartilage do | Prevents collapse during inspiration. Supports airways C-shaped flexibility and space for food to pass down oesophagus |
| What do smooth muscles do? | Contracts to constrict airway. This makes the lumen of the airway narrower. Smooth muscle is elongated by elastic fibres, |
| What do elastic fibres do? | Elongates smooth muscle. When muscle contracts it deforms the elastic fibres. As the muscles relax the elastic fibres recoil to their original surface and shape |
| What factors allow the efficiency of the passage of air into the lungs and out? | Large enough to allow to allow sufficient air to flow without obstruction Be supported to prevent collapse Be flexible to allow movemt |
| What is the lung volume measured by? | A spirometer |
| What is a spirometer | A device that measures the movement of air in and out of lungs as a person breathes |
| What is vital capacity? | Maximum volume of air that can be moved by the lungs in one breath |
| What is the residual volume? | The volume of air that remains in the lungs even after forced expiration |
| What is tidal volume? | The volume of air moved in out with each breath. Normally measured at rest. |
| What are the intercostal muscles? | Muscles between the ribs. Contraction of the external intercostal muscles raises the ribs. |
| What is the diaphragm | A layer of muscle beneath the lungs |
| What are the steps to inspiration | Diaphragm contracts to move down and become flatter. External intercostal muscles contract to raise ribs. Volume of chest cavity is increased. Pressure in chest cavity drops below atmospheric pressure. Air is moved into lungs |
| What are the steps to expiration | The diagram relaxes and is pushed up by the displaced organs underneath. External intercostal muscles relax and ribs fall. intercostal MUSCLES CONTRACT To PUSH AIR OUR MORE FORCEFULLY. volume OF CHEST CAVITY DECREASED. Pressure in lungs increases and rises above pressure in surrounding atmosphere. Air moved out of lungs |
| What is the endothelium | Thin layer particularly smooth yo reduce friction with the flowing blood |
| What are arteries? | Arteries carry blood away from heart |
| What are arterioles | Arterioles distribute blood from artery to capillaries. They contain a layer of smooth muscle. |
| What are capillaries? | Capillaries allow the exchange of material between blood and tissue fluid. |
| What are venules? | From the capillaries blood flows into small vessels called venules. |
| What are veins? | Veins carry blood back to heart |
| What is blood | Blood is the fluid held in the blood vessesl. It consists of aliquid called plasma |
| What does the plasma contain? | The plasma contains many dissolved substances such as oxygen carbon dioxide minerals glucose amino acids hormones and plasma proteins |
| What is hydrostatic pressure | Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the vessel or container |
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