Created by Tasha Rosen
almost 4 years ago
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Question | Answer |
anterior posterior | towards the front of the body towards the back of the body |
medial lateral | towards the imaginary midline of the body away from the imaginary midline of body |
proximal distal | a body part closer to its attachment point a body part further away from its attachment point |
superficial deep | a body part closer to the surface of the body a body part further away from the surface |
sagittal plane | divides body into left + right eg. run, walk, cycle, swim (movements going forward and backward) |
frontal plane | divides body into anterior + posterior eg. jump, squat (movements going up and down) |
transverse plane | divides body into superior + inferior eg. dance, goaly, side step (movements going side to side) |
support the body | provides framework + gives body its shape |
movement | skeletal system helps w movement. the bones are the levres upon which our muscles pull |
protecting organs | skull protects brain, ribs protect heart/lungs |
storage of minerals | stores mineral salts, especially calcium |
blood production | blood cell formation- long bones contain bone marrow (produce new RBC-carry oxygen + some WBC-fight infection) |
appendicular skeleton | limbs- arms, legs, hips, waist |
axial skeleton | middle part of skeleton- skull, spine, ribs |
cervical vertebrae | 7 bones, make up the neck, responsible for supporting the head |
thoracic vertebrae | 12 bones, connect rib cage to spine, protect heart/lungs (chest) |
lumbar vertebrae | 5 bones, largest of the vertebrae, high weight (lower back) |
sacrum | 5 bones (fused- stuck together), fused to pelvis, distribute weight of upper body |
coccyx | 4 bones (fused), also called the tailbone, provides a site for muscle attachment |
joints | where 2 or more bones meet, can be immovable or free moving |
fixed/ fibrous | no movement, eg. clavicle, skull, pelvis |
cartilaginous | slight movement, eg. ribs, lumbar vertebrae |
synovial | free movement, eg. phalanges, hip, knee, cervical/ thoracic vertebrae |
pivot joint | rotation of 1 joint around another, eg. head pivoting around neck |
gliding joint | gliding movement, eg. carpals/tarsals (where flat bones glide past each other) |
ball & socket joint | flexion, extension. adduction, abduction. internal + external rotation. eg. shoulder, hip |
hinge joint | flexion, extension, eg. knee, elbow |
saddle joint | flexion, extension. adduction, abduction. circumduction. eg. joint of the thumb |
condyloid joint | flexion, extension. adduction, abduction. circumduction. eg. wrist |
flexion extension | angles btw bones decreased angles btw bones increased |
dorsiflexion plantarflexion | occurs at ankle where toes point towards tibia occurs at ankle where toes point down + heal is raised |
circumduction rotation | occurs when limb moves in circular fashion (usually ball & socket) eg. wrist, thumb(saddle) occurs when bone turns on its own axis within a joint eg. medial rotation = rotation towards midline |
supination pronation | occurs when forearm is rotated, turning the hand from palms down to up palm up to down |
inversion eversion | occurs when sole of foot is turned inwards towards midline of body foot turned outwards towards midline |
abduction adduction | movement of a body part away from imaginary midline of body (abducted- taken away) towards midline of body (add- taken back in) |
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