Infection prevention and control

4.6%

6.4%

14%

16%

Cell wall

Eukaryocyte

Spherical

Spores

Attachment

Uncoating

Replication

Dispersal

Airborne

Direct contact

Indirect contact

Droplet

All of the above

Taking precautions when handling blood and ‘high risk’ body fluids so as not to pass on any infection to the patient

Wearing gloves, an apron and a mask when caring for someone in protective isolation

Asking relatives to wash their hands when visiting patients in the clinical setting

Using appropriate hand hygiene, wearing gloves and an apron when necessary, disposing of used sharp instruments safely, and providing care in a suitably clean environment to protect yourself and the patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid

Urine

Peritoneal fluid

Semen

All of the above

Leprosy

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Norovirus

Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

None of the above

Filtered water only

Fresh fruit juice and filtered water

Bottled water and tap water

Tap water only

Long-life fruit juice and filtered water

Hand hygiene and aseptic technique

Aseptic technique only

Hand hygiene, use of protective equipment, and disposal of waste

Disposal of waste and use of protective equipment

All of the above

Waste that requires disposal by incineration

Offensive/hygiene waste

Waste which may be ‘treated’

Offensive waste