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NURS 310 EXAM 1 PRACTIC EXAM

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Practice exam for first exam of NURS 310
harlacherha
Quiz by harlacherha, updated more than 1 year ago
harlacherha
Created by harlacherha over 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
A client is taking several prescribed oral medications for treatment of congestive heart failure. He tells the nurse, "I'm going to take these at breakfast". Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
Answer
  • "Let's look at each medication to determine the best time to take it"
  • "That depends on what you eat for breakfast"
  • "That's a great idea so you won't forget any medications"
  • "What time do you usually have breakfast?"

Question 2

Question
In addition to less efficient renal excretion, what other physical change in aging may lead to a need to reduce medication dosage in an elderly client?
Answer
  • Increased rate of drug absorption
  • Decreased total body fluid proportionate to body mass
  • Decreased efficiency in drug distribution
  • Increased rate of drug metabolism by the liver

Question 3

Question
A nurse is administering medication to a hospitalized client. Which of the following is the most accurate way to assure that the right patient gets the medication?
Answer
  • Ask the client, "are you Dale Jones?"
  • Check the client's identification band
  • Check the client's room number and bed assignment
  • Ask the client why he or she is getting the medication

Question 4

Question
A client asks, "what's the difference between Advil and ibuprofen?" The nurse responds by saying which of the following?
Answer
  • "There is no difference between them"
  • "Advil and ibuprofen are two different drugs with similar effects"
  • "This question should be answered by your doctor"
  • "If you doctor orders Advil, you should not substitute any other medication"

Question 5

Question
The nurse would expect the dose of morphine for a postoperative patient to be higher than usual for the patient's size and age is prescribed for a patient who routinely uses:
Answer
  • alprazolam (Xanax)
  • ethanol (Alcohol)
  • oxycodone (OxyContin)
  • temazepam (Restoril)

Question 6

Question
The decreased lean body mass common in the elderly is likely to affect:
Answer
  • absorption of drugs
  • distribution of drugs
  • metabolism of drugs
  • elimination of drugs

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention measure?
Answer
  • Participating in cardiac rehabilitation
  • Getting an annual physical examination
  • Avoiding excessive sun exposure
  • Practicing monthly self-breast examinations

Question 8

Question
An older adult client who experiences several adverse effects of medications could benefit from:
Answer
  • Reduced drug dosages
  • Nursing home placement
  • Increased drug dosages at less frequent intervals
  • More frequent physician visits

Question 9

Question
One day after surgery, the nurse inspects the client's incision. Which of the following is evidence of a local inflammatory response?
Answer
  • Clear yellow drainage from the surgical wound
  • Redness and warmth around the incision
  • Pallor at the suture line
  • Brown exudate at the wound edges

Question 10

Question
Which is the best way to increase client compliance with a medication regimen?
Answer
  • Give all the instructions at least three times
  • Encourage the client to hire a visiting nurse
  • Use a medication organizer
  • Devise the simplest schedule possible

Question 11

Question
Which of the following provides the best rationale for encouraging a client with a wound to consume a diet high in vitamin C?
Answer
  • Restoration of the inflammatory response
  • Enhancement of oxygen transport
  • Reduction of edema
  • Increased protein synthesis

Question 12

Question
The nurse is concerned about urinary retention in a client who has not voided for 8 hours since undergoing surgery. Which assessment finding is most likely?
Answer
  • The nurse will be unable to palpate the bladder
  • The bladder will be smooth to palpation
  • The nurse can palpate the bladder at the symphysis pubis
  • The bladder will be felt at the umbilicus

Question 13

Question
A client who has had surgery has a poor cough effort due to incisional pain. He has crackles in his lower lobes bilaterally. Which of the following non-pharmacological interventions would be most effective in dealing with this problem?
Answer
  • Increasing fluids to 2500cc/day
  • Using incentive spirometry every 2 hours
  • Suctioning the client every 2 hours
  • Splinting the abdominal incisional

Question 14

Question
The client is ordered to have morphine sulfate 2 mg IV every 6 minutes via PCA pump. However, the client has refused to take the medication. Which of the following actions by the nurse is most appropriate?
Answer
  • Pushing the PCA pump button for him
  • Calling the physician to request medication by mouth
  • Giving the medication in an intramuscular injection
  • Exploring why he does not want to take the medication

Question 15

Question
A nurse is evaluating a client for a post-operative infection. Which of the following signs is most indicative of an infection?
Answer
  • Presence of an indwelling foley catheter
  • Rectal temperature of 37.8 C (100 F)
  • Productive cough with yellow mucous
  • White blood cell count of 8,000/mm^3

Question 16

Question
A client is at risk for hypovolemia in the postoperative period. Which of the following would insure the most accurate monitoring of fluid balance?
Answer
  • Measuring and recording intake and output
  • Monitoring skin turgor for tenting
  • Assessing the vital signs every hour hours
  • Checking the lungs for crackles

Question 17

Question
Which member of the healthcare team is responsible for obtaining informed consent from a client prior to a surgical procedure?
Answer
  • The primary nurse
  • The surgeon
  • The nurse at the physician's office
  • The surgeon's assistant

Question 18

Question
The nurse inadvertently gives the client a double dose of the medication. Who should be notified first?
Answer
  • The client
  • The prescriber
  • The nurse's lawyer
  • The nursing supervisor

Question 19

Question
Of the following clients, who is at the greatest risk for developing wound infection?
Answer
  • One who requires frequent pain medication
  • One who is 25 lbs. overweight
  • One who walks shortly after surgery
  • One who is 10 lbs. underweight

Question 20

Question
A client had surgery two hours ago. Vital signs at that time were BP 140/74, P 82, R 16, skin warm and dry. Vitals signs are now BP 110/62, P 102, R 22, skin cool. Which of the following should the nurse do first?
Answer
  • Re-checking of vital signs to verify they are correct
  • Evaluate the head of the bed to help the client breath more effectively
  • Check the client's urine output for more than 30mL/hour
  • Administer pain medication

Question 21

Question
Which of the following is a form of secondary prevention?
Answer
  • Getting a tetanus booster
  • Losing 10 pounds
  • Getting mammograms and pap smears regularly
  • Having physical therapy for low back pain

Question 22

Question
Which nursing action may help decrease the anxiety of a pre-operative client?
Answer
  • Encouraging her to sleep until it is time for surgery
  • Reassuring her that she will be fine and has no need to worry
  • Spending time with her and answering all of her questions
  • Teaching her how to avoid postoperative complications

Question 23

Question
Regular use of which of the following places a surgical client at increased risk for bleeding?
Answer
  • Ginseng
  • Omega 3 fatty acids
  • Echinacea
  • Kava kava

Question 24

Question
A client is experiencing confusion in the immediate post-operative period. Which of the following assessments is most essential to determine the reason for confusion?
Answer
  • airway status
  • cardiac rhythm
  • level of anxiety
  • body temperature

Question 25

Question
The nurse is caring for a client post-operatively. Which of the following indicates that the client has a compromised airway?
Answer
  • The client states he is anxious
  • The client rates his pain a 6 out of 10
  • His pulse oximetry reading is 90%
  • His skin is cool and clammy

Question 26

Question
In reviewing the chart of a patient about to undergo general anesthesia, which of the following is the greatest risk factor?
Answer
  • He expresses anxiety about the upcoming procedure
  • He ate a snack two hours ago
  • He smokes and states his last cigarette was 6 hours ago
  • He has a history of hypertension controlled by diet

Question 27

Question
Which of the following instructions should be included in the medication teaching for an older adult who has back pain who is prescribed an opioid with codeine?
Answer
  • Check your breathing rate three times a day
  • Increase your intake of fiber and fluids
  • Limit taking the medication unless pain is severe
  • Avoid taking the medication more than twice a day

Question 28

Question
The nurse is preparing to administer Clarinex (desloratadine) to an adult with seasonal allergies. The order reads 15mg once/day but the acceptable dose is 5mg/day. What should the nurse do next?
Answer
  • Hold the medication and check the original order
  • Call the prescriber
  • Ask the client if this is his usual dose
  • Administer the dose because it was prescribed

Question 29

Question
A patient is taking lovastatin (Mevacor) for cholesterol control. She asks what might happen if she takes the medication with grapefruit juice. The nurse replies:
Answer
  • "The medication will not get to its site of action"
  • "You may build up toxic levels of the medication"
  • "The liver can be damaged"
  • "The medication cannot be absorbed properly"

Question 30

Question
Before administering acetaminophen (Tylenol) the nurse reviews the patient's lab results. Which of the following is the nurse specifically looking for?
Answer
  • Alterations in BUN and creatinine
  • Low potassium level
  • Elevated AST and ALT levels
  • Low hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 31

Question
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is a highly protein bound drug. When the nurse gives this medication to a client with a low serum protein level, which of the following responses is expected?
Answer
  • More intense drug response and greater risk for bleeding
  • Less intense drug response and greater risk for bleeding
  • More intense drug response and less risk for bleeding
  • Less intense drug response and less risk for bleeding

Question 32

Question
A client develops a rash after receiving the medication Oxycodone. The prescriber discontinues the oxycodone and orders diphenhydramine (Benadryl). The nurse must be alert for which drug-drug interaction?
Answer
  • Confusion
  • Fever
  • Hypotension
  • Urinary retention

Question 33

Question
A client is scheduled for an elective surgical procedure. He tells the nurse that he usually takes gingko biloba to help his memory but he hasn't taken it for three days. What action should the nurse take?
Answer
  • Document this information in the chart
  • Notify the nurse anesthetist immediately
  • Request a stat electrocardiogram and chest x-ray
  • Determine how long the client has taken the gingko

Question 34

Question
The client has had a general anesthetic for an exploratory laparotomy. The nurse notes that there is no antiemetic medication ordered for post-op care. Which action should the nurse take?
Answer
  • Ask the anesthesiologist if the client was nauseated during surgery
  • Tell the client to report any nausea
  • Contact the surgeon and request an order for an antiemetic
  • Give the client sips of ginger ale to reduce nausea

Question 35

Question
A patient admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia asks the nurse, "Why am I receiving codeine? I don't have any pain." The nurse's response is based on knowledge that codeine also has what effect?
Answer
  • Immunostimulant
  • Antitussive
  • Anti-infective
  • Immunosuppressant

Question 36

Question
The nurse is walking in the hallway with a client who had surgery yesterday. The client is receiving morphine sulfate via a patient controlled analgesia system. The client complains of nausea. Of the following, which should the nurse do first?
Answer
  • Administer the anti-nausea medication
  • Assist the client to sit down
  • Get an emesis basin
  • Walk the client back to his room

Question 37

Question
A patient who has received morphine sulfate becomes becomes slightly disoriented. If this effect is due to the morphine, which intervention by the nurse would be most likely to reverse this adverse effect?
Answer
  • Assist the patient to walk
  • Instruct the patient to change positions slowly
  • Instruct the patient to take slow, deep breaths
  • Keep the room well lit

Question 38

Question
The caregiver of a patient calls to report, "My mother just took her first dose of the prescribed opioid and became very nauseated." Select the nurse's best response:
Answer
  • "She is probably allergic to the agent and should discontinue it now"
  • "If the nausea is not as bad as the pain, she should continue the opioid as prescribed"
  • "This is generally a temporary effect and is lessened by keeping still"
  • "Try cutting the dose in half and take the medication on an empty stomach"

Question 39

Question
A nurse suspects that a patient is still in pain because of non-adherance to the opioid regimen. Which physical sign would help confirm this suspicion?
Answer
  • Dilated pupils
  • Constricted pupils
  • Hypotension
  • Slow respiration

Question 40

Question
While reviewing discharge instructions, a patient asks the nurse why the oral dose of the opioid is so much higher than the intravenous dose was. Select the nurse's best response.
Answer
  • "When patients go home, they need higher doses of medication"
  • "The oral form of the drug passes through the liver, and a lot is metabolized before it can achieve the desired effect"
  • "When the physician converted the dosages, there was an error in calculation"
  • "The doses should be the same. The physician must think your pain is not well controlled"

Question 41

Question
Select the most accurate description of physical dependence.
Answer
  • It is a state in which larger doses are required to produce the same response formerly produced by a smaller dose.
  • It is a state in which an individual will seek and use the drug despite physical, psychological, or social harm
  • It is a state in which pain is undertreated and the patient appears to be drug seeking
  • It is a state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if the drug is abruptly discontinued

Question 42

Question
In the emergency department a nurse assesses a stuporous patient who is suspected of overdosing on opioids. The nurse should prepare to administer which agent if the patient becomes comatose or develops respiratory depression?
Answer
  • Flumazenil (Romazicon)
  • Naloxone (Narcan)
  • Atropine
  • Vitamin K

Question 43

Question
A patient who has been taking opioids for 2 years is preparing to stop. How should the nurse instruct the patient to discontinue the opioids after prolonged use?
Answer
  • Stop the agents abruptly
  • Continue a very low dose for 3-6 months
  • Taper slowly over 7-10 days
  • Switch to an equianalgesic dose of another opioid and then discontinue

Question 44

Question
While caring for an unconscious client, the nurse knows that:
Answer
  • The patient will not feel pain
  • Any noxious stimulus should be treated as potentially painful
  • If pain is perceived the client will always have an observable change in behavior
  • Pain is best assessed by asking a family member

Question 45

Question
Which of the following are commonly experienced side effects associated with administration of opioid analgesics? (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Constipation
  • Pupillary dilation
  • Urinary retention
  • Slowed respiratory rate
  • Rapid pulse
  • Headache
  • Drowsiness
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Dry mouth

Question 46

Question
Nursing practice should be guided by which of the following principles of pain management?
Answer
  • Pain medication should be used only as needed when pain becomes severe
  • Nurses should give pain medication at the first sign of pain using a large enough dose to obtain relief
  • It is best to begin with a very small dose, adding more as needed for relief
  • Medication should be given no more frequently than every four hours to avoid overdose

Question 47

Question
Which of the following factors have the most significant effect on a client's response to pain medications? (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Body mass index
  • Time of day medication is given
  • Nutritional status
  • Generic substitution

Question 48

Question
An 80 year-old woman is brought to the health center for the first time by her 64 year-old daughter. Which of the following approaches by the nurse would be most appropriate at the time?
Answer
  • Ask the daughter whether the client has any urgent needs or problems
  • Obtain a health history from the client herself
  • Interview the client and daughter together so that pertinent information can be obtained
  • Refer the client for an interdisciplinary comprehensive geriatric assessment since she will have multiple needs
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